中国煤矿瓦斯突出灾害治理的若干思考及展望

Reflection and prospect on the prevention of gas outburst disasters in China's coal mines

近年来随着开采深度的增大,我国突出矿井数量不断增加,瓦斯突出灾害治理难度提升,突出事故时有发生.针对我国煤矿瓦斯突出灾害高效治理的迫切需求,促进瓦斯突出治理技术的快速发展及推广应用,从我国瓦斯突出灾害严重性、赋存复杂性、治理问题及思考、未来对策4个方面开展研究.通过对近年发生的瓦斯突出事故及深部开采面临的复合灾害问题进行分析,阐明了我国瓦斯突出灾害的严重性,瓦斯突出治理存在风险大、辨识难、预警难、治理难等问题;通过对我国不同尺度区域(全国、矿区、煤矿)内复杂地质构造对瓦斯赋存的影响进行分析,揭示了我国瓦斯赋存区域差异大、深部与浅部变化快等复杂成因;针对上述背景,从瓦斯突出治理技术适应性、科学性、系统性、协同性和先进性5个方面进行分析,总结了瓦斯突出治理技术应用过程中存在的若干问题及相关对策;提出了“监测预警-高效增透-智能抽采”的瓦斯突出治理技术未来对策,助力瓦斯突出治理技术未来的发展.

With the increasing depth of mining,the number of gas-outburst mines in China is continuously increasing.Challenges faced by safety managers increase to eliminate gas outburst disasters.Gas outburst still occurs in coal mines from time to time.To meet the urgent demand for controlling gas outburst disasters,a rapid development of different technologies has been stimulated to control gas outbursts.Research works have been conducted on the following four areas including the severity of gas outburst disasters,the complexity of gas formation,existing issues and future strategies.The analysis of recent outburst accidents and complex disasters in deep mining indicates that a high risk of gas outburst disasters exists,which is usually accompanied by high risk,difficult identification and early warning in gas control and prevention.Reviews of the influence of complex geological structures on gas formation in different-scale regions(whole country,mining field and coal mine)have been analyzed,which reveals the reasons for the anisotropy of gas distribution and significant changes in deep and shallow coal seams.Therefore,this work provides an analysis of the adaptability,feasibility,and innovativeness of the technologies for gas outburst control.Existing problems in the applications of these technologies and relevant countermeasures have been subsequently summarized.Future strategies have been proposed for the development of gas outburst control,including monitoring and early warning,permeability enhancement,and intelligent gas extraction,which could give guidance for the development of gas outburst control.