市场还是等级?——数字劳动平台中的组织治理模式

Market or Hierarchy?A Study of Organizational Governance Models in Digital Labor Platforms

关于数字劳动平台存在的劳动力灵活性与生产力保障之间的结构性矛盾,当前研究过于关注技术影响而忽视了组织的作用。市场与等级在经济活动中通常被视为两种替代性组织治理模式。本文通过对微任务平台和骑手平台的调查与分析,发现在纵向与横向结构上,平台采取代理与授权的形式,将代理机构与服务需求者纳入其组织系统,形成决策权集中化和工作过程控制权下放的独特组合。它在有效结合市场(高灵活模式)与等级(高控制模式)特点的基础上,生成了独立的、有自己逻辑的组织治理模式,推动了数字劳动分散式管理与全景式监控的高效统一。

While existing research on digital labor platforms has predominantly focused on the technological implications,the role of organizational dynamics has been relatively understated.Market and hierarchy have been conventionally regarded as two alternative modes of organizational governance in economic activities.This study employs a qualitative analysis of digital labor platforms,uncovering how these platforms navigate the structural contradictions between labor flexibility and productivity assurance.The findings reveal that digital labor platforms utilize a combination of agency and authorization mechanisms in their vertical and horizontal structures,incorporating intermediary agencies and service requesters into their organizational systems.By integrating market characteristics(high flexibility)with hierarchical elements(high control),these platforms evolve a novel organizational governance model,effectively balancing distributed management with a panopticon.This study illuminates the sophisticated organizational strategies underpinning digital labor platforms,thereby extending the discourse beyond technological aspects.