“支持激活”与规范的日常呈现——规范“具体化”视角下城市流浪者的街头生活

The Activation of Supports and the Presentation of Norms:The Street Life of Chinese Vagrants in the View of Concretization of Norms

本文关注适应能力不足的流浪者为何能够在街头维续自己的生活。既往研究或强调边缘性生活的维续依赖结构转型与支持,或关注行动者主体性而对生活维续所需的制度支持缺乏充分考察。基于实地研究,本文发现,流浪者在街头的生活维续依赖制度环境中的支持性要素,但是这些支持并非“先在的”,而是在具体情境中被“激活”。由于街头规范的模糊性特征,流浪者一方面借助特定的伦理价值来暂时合理化自身的形象与行为;另一方面在与街头规制力量的互动中,通过风险控制使自身行为获得规范的暂时性支持。这些实践体现出模糊性制度规范在情境中“具体化”的逻辑与日常呈现的方式。本文认为救助制度设计应当兼顾制度安排自身的特征与流浪者的意义结构。

This paper focuses on why vagrants with insufficient adaptability can continue their lives on the urban street.Previous studies have either emphasized that the maintenance of life under exclusion depends on structural transformation and institutional support,or paid attention to the subjectivity of actors but failed to fully investigate the institutional conditions required for the continuity of life.Based on the field research,this paper finds that the life continuity of vagrants depends on the supporting elements in the institutional environment.However,these elements are often not given and designed in advance,but“activated”in specific situations.Due to the ambiguity of street norms,the vagrants temporarily legalize their images and behaviors with the help of specific ethical values and obtain temporary normative support for their behaviors through controlling risks in the interaction with the street regulation forces.These practices reflect the logic of the concretization of institutional norms in certain situations.