晋南地区新石器时代室外灶址研究

On Sites of Neolithic Open-air Fire Pits Discovered in Southern Shanxi

室外灶址设于居室之外,区别于作为房屋附属设施的室内灶址,是田野发掘中比较容易被忽视的一类遗存。经统计,晋南地区已发掘报道的新石器时代室外灶址有32座,按形制可分为地面式、坑穴式、壁式三类,分别代表了仰韶文化初期、仰韶文化早期至晚期、龙山文化时期三个发展阶段。这些室外灶址起源于新石器时代早、中期的室外炊煮遗迹,甚至可以追溯到旧石器时代的野外用火遗迹。

Sites of open-air fire pits have been found outside the living area,and are different from those of indoor fire pits which were auxiliary facilities of the dwellings.They have been ruins that are easily over-looked in archaeological fieldwork.Statistics reveal that 32 sites of Neolithic open-air fire pits have been excavated in southern Shanxi and reported.Given their structures,the excavated Neolithic open-air fire pits can be classified into three categories,i.e.,above-ground fire pits,in-ground fire pits and fire pits in alcoves,and each category represents one of the three development stages,respectively the early days of Yangshao Culture period,early to late Yangshao Culture period and Longshan Culture period.The origin of these open-air fire pits can be traced back to open-air cooking activities in the early and mid Neolithic Age,even fire use in the field that occurred in the Paleolithic Age.