急诊科护士应对重大突发公共卫生事件心理负荷现状及潜在剖面分析

Analysis on the status and latent profile analysis of mental workload of emergency department nurses in the process of responding to major public health emergencies

目的调查急诊科护士应对重大突发公共卫生事件过程中的心理负荷现状,进行潜在剖面分析并探讨其影响因素。方法2022年12月-2023年1月,采用便利抽样法选取浙江省9所综合性医院(三级医院5所,二级医院4所)的急诊科护士进行调查。调查工具采用自制一般资料调查问卷、NASA任务负荷指数量表、心理资本调查问卷、一般健康问卷。结果共发放466份问卷,回收456份,有效率97.85%。456名急诊科护士在应对重大突发公共卫生事件过程心理负荷总分为(91.25±11.75)分,心理资本调查问卷总分为(100.08±13.89)分,一般健康问卷总分为(2.34±2.90)分。潜在剖面分析将其分为4个类别,根据类别特征命名为C1低负荷感受-高自我评价(10.1%)、C2高负荷感受-高自我评价(24.1%)、C3中负荷感受-中自我评价(37.2%)、C4高负荷感受-低自我评价(28.5%)。有序多分类Logistic回归显示,年龄、工作年限、文化程度、医院等级、心理健康、心理资本是急诊科护士在应对重大突发公共卫生事件心理负荷的影响因素。结论急诊科护士在应对重大突发公共卫生事件过程中心理负荷处于高水平,其中高负荷感受-低自我评价人群的心理健康状况处于高危状态,应引起重点关注,心理资本与心理负荷呈负相关,提示护理管理者制订针对性的干预措施,通过提高心理资本来达到缓解急诊科护士应对重大公共卫生事件过程中的高心理负荷目的。

Objective To investigate the current situation of mental workload of nurses in emergency department in the process of dealing with major public health emergencies,and to analyze the latent potential profile and explore its influencing factors.Methods From December 2022 to January 2023,the emergency department nurses in 9 general hospitals(5 tertiary hospitals and 4 secondary hospitals)in Zhejiang Province were selected by convenience sampling method,and the survey instruments included self-designed general information questionnaire,NASA task load index scale,psychological capital questionnaire,and general health questionnaire.Results 466 questionnaires were distributed and 456 were returned with an effective rate of 97.85%.In the process ofresponding to majo r public health emergencies,the total score of 456 emergency department nurses’mental workload was(91.25±11.75),the total score of Psychological Capital Questionnaire was(100.08±13.89),and the total score of General Health Questionnaire was(2.34±2.90),and the latent profile analysis classified them into 4 catego-ries,which were named according to the category characteristics as C1 low load feeling and high self-evaluation(10.1%),C2 high load feeling and high self-evaluation(24.1%),C3 medium load feeling and medium self-evaluation(37.2%),C4 high load feeling and low self-evaluation(28.5%).Ordered multi-categorical Logistic regression showed that age,years of work,education,hospital grade,mental health,and psychological capital were factors influencing the psychological load of emergency department nurses in coping with major public health emergencies.Conclusion The Mental workload of emergency department nurses in response to major public health emergencies is at a high level,and the psychological health of the high load feeling and low self-evaluation group is at high risk and should be a major concern.Psychological capital is negatively correlated with psychological load.This suggests that nursing managers should develop targeted interventions to improve their psychological capital,so as to reduce the high psychological load of emergency department nurses in response to major public health events.