科学数据的控制策略及其模型优化

The Control Strategy of Scientific Data and Its Model Optimization

[目的/意义]提出并优化科学数据的控制策略及其模型,有助于推进科学数据平台的基础制度建设,平衡科学数据安全保护与共享利用。[方法/过程]选择国家级科学数据平台的用户协议等为样本,运用扎根理论方法获取76个初始概念、9个副范畴和5个主范畴,进而提炼科学数据的控制策略模型。[结果/结论]我国科学数据平台已形成以目的、行为、权利、身份和责任为构成要素的“五控一体”控制策略模型,建议从事前防御、事中管理和事后归责方面,优化形成“三阶段”控制策略模型。具体措施包括:①概括列举目的类型,强化目的控制;②明确数据权利归属,加强权利控制;③统一分级分类管理,补强身份控制;④通过转型平台自治平衡平台管理与用户控制,通过新增行业他律促进平台意识与规范统一;⑤合理分配平台、用户和科学数据提供者的责任。

[Purpose/Significance]Proposing and optimizing the control strategy and model of scientific data will help to promote the basic system of scientific data platform and balance the protection and sharing of scientific data.[Method/Process]Taking the user agreements of the national scientific data centers as samples,it obtained 76initial concepts,9 subcategories and 5 main categories,and then refined the control strategy model of scientific data.[Result/Conclusion]In China,scientific data platforms have formed a“five-control-in-one”control strategy model with purpose,behavior,rights,identity and responsibility as the constituent elements,which can be optimized to a“three-stage”control strategy model in the aspects of pre-defense,in-process supervision and post-event imputations.Specifically,the measures include:summarizing the purposes types for purpose control;clarifying the ownership of data rights for rights control;unifying classification management for identity control;transforming platform autonomy for the balance of platform management and user control,and adding new industry heteronomy for the unity of platform awareness and norms;rationally allocating the responsibilities of platforms,users and scientific data providers.