电-碳-配额制耦合交易综述与展望

Review and Prospect of Coupled Electricity-Carbon-Renewable Portfolios Trading

近年来,面对全球气候问题及传统化石能源匮乏带来的挑战,各国陆续提出节能减排和鼓励可再生能源发展的战略目标。碳市场、可再生能源配额制是实现碳减排和促进可再生能源消纳的重要市场手段。作为CO_(2)排放主要责任主体,电力系统低碳绿色转型是助力“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的关键环节,电-碳-配额制耦合将有利于更大程度上促进CO_(2)减排与可再生能源消纳。首先,分析了电力市场与碳市场、电力市场与可再生能源配额制之间的交互机理;其次,从交易机制设计、交易优化、市场交易技术等角度归纳电-碳-配额制耦合交易的研究现状;再次,阐述了碳市场及配额制的国内外实施现状与机制,反映各国减排政策环境;最后,梳理了当前国内电-碳-配额制耦合机制建设面临的挑战和堵点,对电力市场、碳市场与配额制协同发展提出展望,以期为我国耦合交易机制建设提供参考,助力“双碳”目标的实现。

Recently,in the face of global climate problems and challenges posed by the scarcity of conventional fossil energy sources,governments have successively proposed strategic goals for energy conservation,emission reduction,and support for renewable energy development.The carbon emissions market and renewable portfolio standards are important market tools for reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy consumption.As the main responsible body of CO_(2) emission,the low-carbon green transformation of power system is the key link to help the“carbon peak,carbon neutral”target,and the coupling of electricity-carbon-renewable portfolio standard will help to promote CO_(2) emission reduction and renewable energy consumption to a greater extent.First,it analyzes the interaction mechanism between the electricity and carbon markets and the electricity and renewable portfolio standards.Second,it summarizes the current research status of coupled electricity-carbon-renewable portfolio trading from the perspectives of trading mechanism design,trading optimization,and market trading technology.Furthermore,this study describes the current status and mechanisms of the domestic and international implementation of carbon markets and renewable portfolio standards to reflect the policy environment for emissions reduction in different countries.Finally,the challenges and limitations faced by the construction of China's electricity-carbon-renewable portfolio-coupling mechanism are sorted out.In addition,the prospect of the synergistic development of the electricity market,carbon market,and renewable portfolio standards is proposed to provide a reference for constructing China's coupling trading mechanism and help achieve the goal of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality.”