电动汽车充电负荷时空分布预测研究综述

Overview of Research on Spatiotemporal Distribution Prediction of Electric Vehicle Charging

随着碳达峰、碳中和目标的提出,电动汽车以其绿色、低碳、节能环保优势逐渐普及。电动汽车兼具负荷与储能双重特性,其充放电行为具有时间和空间的随机性和波动性,精准的电动汽车充电负荷时空分布预测是研究电动汽车入网影响、电网规划运行、与电网互动的基础。首先,分析影响电动汽车充电负荷时空分布的主要因素;然后,对充电负荷建模、时空分布预测方法进行系统阐述;随后,考虑电动汽车可以作为移动储能装置参与电网互动,评估其放电潜力并综述电动汽车入网(vehicle to grid,V2G)技术研究现状;最后,总结现有研究方法面临的挑战并进行展望。

With national targets for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,electric vehicles(EVs)are gaining popularity owing to their advantages of being green,low-carbon,energy-saving,and environmentally friendly.EVs have both load and energy storage characteristics,and their charge-discharge behavior is random and fluctuates in time and space.Accurate prediction of the spatiotemporal distribution of EV charging and discharging loads is the basis for studying the influence of EV entering the grid,power grid planning and operation,and interaction with the power grid.The main factors influencing the prediction of the spatiotemporal distribution of the EV charging load are analyzed.The modeling of the charging load and prediction method for the spatial and temporal distributions are systematically described.Considering that electric vehicles can be used as mobile energy-storage devices to participate in grid interactions,the discharge potential is evaluated,and the research scenario of V2G technology is reviewed.Finally,the challenges faced by existing research methods are summarized and discussed.