基于文本分析的中国学校性教育政策结构探究

Exploration of the policy structure of China's school sexuality education based on text analysis

目的探究中国学校性教育政策的结构状况,为学校性教育政策的效力发挥和优化发展提供参考。方法以45份国家层面发布的学校性教育相关的政策性文件为样本,构建“政策目标—政策工具”分析框架对其进行内容分析。结果政策目标方面,学校性教育政策重视教育方式指导(32.76%),轻视教育效果评价(5.17%)、师生权益保障(5.17%),忽视教育环境创设(0);政策工具方面,学校性教育政策常用命令性工具(59.45%),多用能力建设工具(29.71%),而少用系统变革工具(2.70%)和激励性工具(0);“政策目标—政策工具”的适配性方面,学校性教育政策集中在运用命令性工具以实现教育方式指导(68.42%)、教育过程管理(54.55%)、学生素养提升(38.46%)、教育资源开发(37.50%)等方面的政策目标,而普遍缺失运用系统变革工具和激励性工具以实现教育效果评价、师生权益保障、学生素养提升和社会综合治理等方面的政策目标。结论学校性教育政策在政策目标定位和政策工具选择及其二者的交叉适配方面有一定偏差,需进一步改进。

Objective To explore the structural status of school sexuality education policies in China,so as to provide a reference to optimize their effectiveness and development.Methods A total of 45 policy documents closely related to school sexuality education,released at the national level,as samples in order to construct an analytic framework of policy objectives/instruments by analyzing their textual content.Results In terms of policy objectives,school sexuality education policies focused on educational methods guidance(32.76%),and tend to underestimate the evaluation of educational effects(5.17%)and the protection of teachers'and students'rights and interests(5.17%),while failed to consider the creation of educational environments(0).In regards to policy tools,school sexuality education policies often used command line tools(59.45%)and capacity building tools(29.71%),while the use of system change tools(2.70%)and incentive tools was lacking(0).In respect to the adaptability of policy objectives/tools,school sexuality education policies focused on using command based tools to guide educational methods(68.42%),educational process management(54.55%),student literacy improvement(38.46%),and educational resource development(37.50%).However,system change tools and incentive tools were scarcely used to achieve policy goals in education effectiveness evaluation,to protect teacher-student rights and interests,and to improve student literacy and comprehensive social governance.Conclusions There is some deviations in the positioning of policy objectives,the selection of policy tools,and the interaction and adaptation between the two in school sex education policies,and further improvement is needed.