小学生心理压力源评价问卷编制及信效度分析

Reliability and validity assessment of Daily Stressors Evaluation Questionnaire for Primary School Students

目的编制小学生心理压力源评价问卷并进行信效度评价,为小学生心理压力源评估提供有效的测评工具。方法2020年11月采用方便抽样法对上海市嘉定区10名小学生开展半结构式访谈,通过文献综述、半结构式访谈、专家咨询等,形成59个问题条目;2021年3月,选取上海市嘉定区和静安区的138名小学生进行预调查,经条目筛选和平行分析后形成正式问卷。2021年4—5月采用分层整群抽样,对上海市嘉定区5所小学的四、五年级1618名在校生进行调查,以进一步检验问卷的信效度。结果小学生心理压力源评价问卷最终包含22个条目,分为学习压力、自我身心压力、家庭压力和人际交往压力4个维度。内部一致性检验结果显示,问卷总的Cronbachα系数为0.904,各维度的Cronbachα系数为0.689~0.803;总的Guttman分半信度为0.885,各维度的Guttman分半信度为0.582~0.732。验证性因子分析结果显示,问卷χ2/df=<4.00,RMSEA<0.08,TLI和CFI均>0.80。利用ROC曲线评估问卷的临界值为31分,此时曲线下面积为0.783,灵敏度和特异度分别为71.43%,73.39%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为23.26%,95.79%。结论编制的小学生心理压力源评价问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为小学生心理压力源的评估工具。

Objective To develop the Daily Stressor Evaluation Questionnaire for Primary School Students and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Methods In November 2020,a convenience sampling method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 10 primary school students in Jiading District,Shanghai.Through literature review,semi-structured interviews,and expert consultation,59 question items were developed,and 138 elementary school students in 2 districts in Shanghai were selected for a pre-survey in March 2021,and the formal questionnaire was formed after item screening and parallel analysis.Stratified cluster sampling was used to survey a total of 1618 fourth-and fifth-grade students enrolled in five elementary schools in Jiading District,Shanghai from April to May,2021,to further test the reliability of the questionnaire.Results The Daily Stressor Evaluation Questionnaire for Primary School Students contained 4 dimensions and 22 items in total.The internal consistency test showed that cronbachαcoefficient of the questionnaire was 0.904 and Cronbachαcoefficient of each dimension was between 0.689 to 0.803.The Guttman split-half reliability was 0.885 and ranged from 0.582 to 0.732 for each dimension.The results of the validation factor analysis showed that theχ2/df of the questionnaire was less than 4,the root mean square error of approximation was less than 0.08,and the Tueker-Lewis index and comparative fit index were above 0.80.The critical value of using the ROC curve to evaluate the questionnaire was 31 points.At this point,the area under the curve was determined to be 0.783,while the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 71.43%and 73.39%,respectively.Additionally,the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated to be 23.26%and 95.79%,respectively.Conclusion The Daily Stressor Evaluation Questionnaire for Primary School Students developed in this study has good reliability and validity and can be used as an assessment tool for evaluating stressors in primary school students.