尿液循环肿瘤DNA在膀胱癌早期诊断及治疗监控中的研究进展

Progress of urinary circulating tumor DNA in the early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of bladder cancer

膀胱癌(bladder cancer,BC)是世界上最常见的癌症类型之一,也是最致命的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤。目前,BC的诊断和随访依赖于膀胱镜检查和细胞学方法,具有侵入性且往往受到肿瘤异质性的影响。因此,发现新的预测性生物标志物对BC的诊断、进展和预后至关重要。已有研究显示,尿液循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)与肿瘤细胞具有同源性,相比于血浆ctDNA具有更高的浓度,可能对泌尿系统肿瘤的早期检出发挥作用。但样本量较小且分离难度较高,检测方法的标准化仍需进一步统一。本文总结了尿液ctDNA作为液体生物标志物在BC早期诊断、疗效监控及复发预测方面的价值,以为临床提供参考。

Bladder cancer(BC)is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and the most lethal urological malignancy.Currently,the diagnosis and follow-up of BC rely on cystoscopy and cytological methods,which are invasive and often affected by tumor heterogeneity.Therefore,the discovery of new predictive biomarkers is crucial for the diagnosis,progression and prognosis of BC.It has been shown that urinary circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is homologous to tumor cells,with higher concentrations compared to plasma ctDNA,so it may be useful for early detection of urological tumors.However,the sample size is small and difficult to isolate,and the standardization of detection methods still needs further harmonization.This paper summarizes the value of urinary ctDNA as a liquid biomarker for early diagnosis,efficacy monitoring and recurrence prediction in BC so as to provide clinical reference.