169897份首次献血者标本HBV检测结果及人口学特征分析

HBV laboratory tests and demographic characteristics in 169897 first-time blood donors

目的了解首次献血者HBV感染标志物检测情况及人口学特征,为招募新献血者提供依据。方法采用ELISA法检测献血者HBsAg,对HBsAg-标本进行HBV DNA检测,化学发光法检测HBsAg-/HBV DNA+标本的HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb、HBeAg、HBeAb。统计分析HBsAg+首次献血者人口学信息。结果2018—2022年共有502739人次参加无偿献血,首次献血者占比33.79%。首次献血者HBsAg阳性率(28.37/10000,482/169897)高于重复献血者(3.46/10000,115/332842)(OR=8.23、95%CI:6.72~10.09),首次献血者HBV DNA阳性率(4.83/10000,82/169897)低于重复献血者(6.52/10000,217/332842),(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.57~0.95),首次献血者HBsAg-/HBV DNA+标本中HBcAb阳性率为73.17%。首次献血者HBsAg-/HBV DNA+、HBsAg阳性率在性别、年龄、学历、职业之间均有差异(P<0.05)。结论低危首次献血者是献血队伍的生力军,加强献血前HBV初筛及献血后检测,有利于提高临床输血安全。

Objective To investigate the HBV infection markers detection and demographic characteristics of first-time blood donors,so as to provide evidence for blood donor recruitment.Methods HBsAg was detected by ELISA,HBsAg negative samples were tested for HBV DNA,and chemiluminescence method was used to detect HBsAg,HBsAb,HBcAb,HBeAg and HBeAb in first-time blood donor HBsAg-/HBV DNA+samples.Demographic information of HBsAg positive first-time donors was analyzed.Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 502739 people participated in voluntary blood donation,and first-time blood donors accounted for 33.79%.The HBsAg positive rate of first-time donors(28.37/10000,482/169897)was higher than that of repeated blood donors(3.46/10000,115/332842)(OR=8.23,95%CI:6.72~10.09),and the HBV DNA positive rate of first-time blood donors(4.83/10000,82/169897)was lower than that of repeated blood donors(6.52/10000,217/332842)(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.57~0.95).The positive rate of HBcAb in HBsAg-/HBV DNA+samples of first-time blood donors was 73.17%.Significant differences were noticed in HBsAg-/HBV DNA+and HBsAg positive rate among first-time blood donors among gender,age,education background and occupation(all P<0.05).Conclusion Low risk first-time blood donor recruitment is important for blood donation.Strengthening HBV screening before blood do-nation and detection after blood donation is beneficial to improve the safety of blood transfusion.