单采血小板献血者铁营养状况研究进展

Research progress on iron nutritional status of plateletpheresis donors

单采血小板具有纯度高、副作用少等优点,广泛应用于临床。单采血小板主要来源于固定献血者的捐献,然而单采血小板是否会造成献血者铁缺乏观点尚不完全统一。近年来,越来越多的人关注单采血小板对献血者铁营养状态的影响。多数研究认为单采血小板献血者铁缺乏普遍存在。单采血小板献血者捐献过程中,伴随红细胞的丢失,长期累积可能造成铁代谢负平衡,出现缺铁性贫血,影响献血者身体健康,造成献血者流失。采供血机构应加强对单采血小板献血者铁营养状态的重视,通过增强补铁重要性的健康宣教、开展铁缺乏检测项目、延长献血间隔和/或补充铁剂等多方面的措施,探索可预测个性化献血间隔和补铁策略的计算模型,预防单采血小板献血者铁缺乏,寻求一种平衡方法,使保护献血者身体健康和保障血液充足供应有机结合起来。本文详细梳理国内外文献,对单采血小板献血者铁缺乏的原因及危害、检测方法和应对措施等方面做一综述,为制定科学合理的献血关爱措施,实现个性化、科学化的献血者管理和招募策略提供依据。

Apheresis platelets are extensively utilized in clinical practice due to high purity and minimal side effects.These platelets are primarily obtained from regular blood donors.However,there is no consensus on whether plateletpheresis leads to iron deficiency among blood donors.In recent years,increasing attention has been given to the impact of plateletpheresis on the iron nutritional status of these donors.Numerous studies have indicated a prevalence of iron deficiency among plateletpheresis donors.The process of plateletpheresis involves the loss of red blood cells,which can accumulate over time and disrupt iron metabolism,ultimately resulting in iron deficiency anemia.This condition not only affects the physical wellbeing of the donors but also leads to a decline in their willingness to donate blood.Blood collection and supply institutions should enhance their focus on the iron nutritional status of plateletpheresis donors and implement various measures,such as intensifying health education regarding the significance of iron supplementation,implementing programs for testing iron deficiency,considering the provision of iron supplements and extending blood donation intervals.It is crucial to prevent iron deficiency in plateletpheresis donors.These institutions should explore calculation models that can predict personalized blood donation intervals and iron supplementation strategies,and seek a balanced approach that is optimal for maintaining adequate collections while safeguarding donor health.The article comprehensively reviews literature at home and abroad on the etiology and hazards of iron deficiency in plateletpheresis donors,as well as detection methods and response measures.It serves as a foundation for developing scientific and reasonable care measures for blood donation,while also achieving personalized and scientific management and recruitment strategies for blood donors.