非农就业不稳定性如何影响农户收入?——基于中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)数据的实证分析

How the instability of non-agricultural employment affects farmers’income?

文中利用中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)数据,实证分析了非农就业不稳定性对农户收入的影响及作用机制。结果表明:非农就业不稳定性总体上对农户收入产生负向影响;劳动力资源配置在非农就业不稳定性—农户收入关系中发挥部分中介效应,具体而言,非农就业不稳定性通过减少农户纯非农劳动力配置降低农户收入;就业公平感知负向调节非农就业不稳定性对劳动力资源纯非农化配置的影响;非农就业不稳定性对起步期、稳定期、抚养期和赡养期农户收入具有显著的负向影响,且影响程度依次减弱,而对负担期和空巢期农户收入的影响并不显著;非农就业不稳定性对东部和西部农户收入产生显著的负向影响,但对中部地区农户收入影响不明显。为此建议,通过改善劳动力就业环境、提升农村劳动力就业能力及加强就业信息精准传达,减少农村劳动力非农就业不稳定性;发挥正式制度及非正式制度的积极作用,提升农村劳动力就业公平感知;根据农户特征和地区产业经济水平,制定适宜的政策,引导农户合理配置劳动力资源,促进农户增收。

This article uses Chinese Social Survey(CSS)data to empirically analyze the impact and mechanism of non-agricultural employment instability on farmers’income.The results indicate that,overall,non-agricultural employment instability negatively impacts the farmers’income.The allocation of labor resources plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between non-agricultural employment instability and farmers’income,specifically,the instability of non-agricultural employment reduces farmers’income by reducing the allocation of pure non-agricultural labor.The perception of employment equity has a negative moderating effect on the impact of non-agricultural employment instability on the pure non-agricultural allocation of labor resources.The instability of non-agricultural employment significantly negatively impacts the income of farmers during the initial,stable,upbringing,and support periods,and the degree of impact weakens in sequence,while the impact on the income of farmers during the burden period and empty nest period is not significant.The instability of non-agricultural employment has a significant negative impact on the income of farmers in the eastern and western regions,but the impact on the income of farmers in the central region is not significant.Therefore,it is recommended to reduce the instability of non-agricultural employment of rural labor by improving the employment environment,enhancing the employability of rural labor and strengthening the precise transmission of employment information,give full play to the positive role of formal and informal systems to enhance the perception of fairness of rural labor employment.Based on the characteristics of farmers and the level of regional industrial economy,formulate appropriate policies to guide farmers to reasonably allocate labor resources and promote farmers’income growth.