新时期脱贫地区农村多维相对贫困测度及特征分析——基于重庆市4193户调查数据

Measurement and characterization of multidimensional relative poverty in poverty-shaken off rural areas in the new era:Case study in Chongqing

运用中位收入法和多维综合指数法,分别测算重庆市4193户样本农户多维相对贫困程度,通过Dagum基尼系数验证后,提出一种确定农村多维相对贫困标准的可行方案。研究表明:中位收入法提出以农户收入中位数的50%识别相对贫困群体,相对贫困发生率7.73%,而多维综合指数法建议以农村多维相对贫困指数的60%识别相对贫困群体,相对贫困发生率10.02%。Dagum基尼系数验证表明,多维综合指数法识别的贫困群体和非贫困群体组间差距略高于中位收入法,且多维相对贫困指数不仅包含了收入指标,还涉及物质、能力、机会等维度,因此文中建议以农村多维相对贫困指数的60%作为相对贫困标准。农村多维相对贫困群体倾向于户主年龄较大、受教育程度较低,家庭劳动力匮乏,抚赡养负担较重,转移性就业较少,产业发展缓慢和低保户、大病户、五保户等。

The median income and the multidimensional composite index methods are used to measure the multidimensional relative poverty of 4,193 sample rural households in Chongqing,and a feasible solution is proposed for identifying rural multidimensional relative poverty criteria after validation by the Dagum Gini coefficient.The analysis result of the median income method shows that it is preferable for identifying the relative poverty group with 50%of the median income of rural households,in this scenario,the relative poverty incidence is 7.73%,while the multidimensional composite index method suggests to identify the relative poverty group with 60%of the rural multidimensional relative poverty index,with a relative poverty incidence of 10.02%.The Dagum Gini coefficient validation shows the gap between poor and non-poor groups that identified by the multidimensional composite index method is slightly higher than the median income method,and the multidimensional relative poverty index not only contains income indicators,but also involves material,ability and opportunity dimensions,so this paper suggests that 60%of the rural multidimensional relative poverty index is used as the relative poverty criterion.The rural multidimensional relative poverty group tends be with following characters:having older household heads,lower education level,lacking of household labor,heavier burden of care and support,less transferable employment,slow industrial development and low-income households,households with serious illnesses,and households with five guarantees.