十大孔兑沟道工程泥沙阻截量研究

Effects of channel engineering on sediment retention in the Ten Tributaries area,Inner Mongolia

基于历史资料整理与实地详查,以黄河内蒙古段十大孔兑为研究对象,统计了该地区自1986年以来现存沟道工程的数量和分布特征;采用实测法,通过确定影响沟道工程阻截泥沙量的主要参数,计算了研究区淤地坝、引洪淤地、水库和谷坊的泥沙阻截量。研究结果表明:十大孔兑沟道工程共阻截泥沙5995.15万t。其中淤地坝3205.61万t,引洪淤地1460.15万t,水库1182.76万t,谷坊146.61万t;通过分析不同时段沟道工程的泥沙阻截特征表明,1986-1999年、2000-2009年和2010-2018年三个时段沟道工程的泥沙阻截量分别为2809.26万t、1597.93万t和1587.97万t。十大孔兑地区沟道工程具有显著的泥沙阻截作用,研究结果为定量评估典型水土保持工程措施区域减沙效益提供数据支撑,对黄河内蒙古段“拦沙换水”、防洪、防凌调控决策制定以及水土保持措施优化布局等方面有重要的指导意义。

In this research,based on the collation of historical data and detailed field investigation,the number and distribution characteristics of existing gully projects in the Ten Tributaries area,Inner Mongolia section of the middle Yellow River since 1986 were analyzed.Through determining the main parameters that affect the sediment reduction of gully engineering,the sediment reduction of check dam,flood diversion land,reservoir and Gufang in the study area was calculated by using a detailed field survey.The results show that the sedimentation has been reduced by a total of 59.9515 million tons.Among them,the sediment reduction of check dam was 32.0561 million tons,the sediment reduction of flood diversion land was 14.6015 million tons,the sediment reduction of reservoir was 11.8276 million tons,and the sediment reduction of Gufang was 1.4661 million tons.The analysis of sediment reduction characteristics of channel engineering in different periods shows that the sediment reduction amounts of channel engineering in 1986-1999,2000-2009 and 2010-2018 were 28,092,600 t,15,979,300 t and 15,879,700t,respectively.The effect of sediment reduction of gully engineering in the Ten Tributaries area is significant.The research results provide a data support for quantitative evaluation of regional sediment reduction benefits of typical soil and water conservation engineering measures,and have important guiding significance for the decision-making in"sand blocking and water changing",flood control,anti-flooding control and optimization of soil and water conservation measures in the Yellow River Basin,Inner Mongolia section.