成为“诗人”,成为“女诗人”——以郑允端《肃雝集》的编、刊、评为中心

Becoming a“Poet”and Becoming a“Female Poet”with a focus on the Compilation,Publication and Evaluation of Zheng Yunduan s Su Yong Collection

基于《肃雝集》及相关选本和评论所构成的文本空间,从书籍史、阅读史的视角观察,发现从晚宋到元末,由于系列相关因素的变化,女性从事创作逐渐为社会观念接纳,通过拥有诗集,郑允端获得“诗人”身份。《肃雝集》在明代中期付梓,并持续被选入女性诗文总集刊行,郑允端在其时开始建构的女性诗史中获得地位。关于郑诗的既有评价存在偏差,缘于性别因素遮蔽了这样的事实:《肃雝集》的风貌与一般元诗潮流相吻合;独立于主流写作传统的女性写作传统及其批评体系至少在当时尚未建构形成;《肃雝集》编纂刊行、传播批评的过程,反映了宋元以来近世诗歌世俗化、通俗化趋向;折射出明清时期主流文学观念、启蒙思潮和大众文化共存的多元文化格局;凸显了印刷出版因素的重要性。

The unknown Zheng Yunduan was discovered two hundred years later and became a representative of the poetess of the Yuan Dynasty.Most of the affirmation of Zheng s poems is from the perspective of gender.In fact,Zheng s winning the title of“poetess”is closely related to the following two facts:first,the changes of the times and literary thoughts;the second is the changes in the way of dissemination of works,readers reading psychology and acceptance mode under the background of the development of printing and publishing industry.Based on the text space composed of Su Yong Collection and related anthologies and comments,from the perspective of book history and reading history,it is found that from the late Song Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty,due to the change of a series of related factors,the creation of female writers has gradually been accepted by social concepts.After Zheng Yunduan s death,her poems were compiled into Su Yong Collection,and has long been selected for the publication of the general collection of women s poetry.As a result,Zheng entered the vision of the officials of the four treasuries in the Qing Dynasty,thus entering the mainstream literary history.This paper has made a multi-dimensional and dynamic observation for a long time and made the following analysis:first,it compares Zheng s creation with her former poetess and her contemporary literati.Second,it compares the evaluation of Zheng s poems by various female poetry anthologies in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The evaluation is also compared with the evaluation of the officials of Siku Library.From the contradictory conclusions of different critics,the ordinary and extraordinary features of Zheng Yunduan and her poems are revealed.This paper holds that from the mid-Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty,as poetry gradually alienated from politics,the identity of“poet”became more independent.With the development of commercial printing,the compilation and publication of poems is more decisive for poets to gain fame and status in the history of literature.During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty,Su Yong Collection was printed and published,which had not received any comments for about 200 years.Since then,it has been praised excessively in the anthology of female poems in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,but it has been clearly belittled by the officials of Siku Library.It is the gender factor that affects the position and standard of evaluation.Zheng was born in a scholarly family,received a good education and lived a relatively free and wonderful life.She was in the literary atmosphere of the urban society at that time,and her poetry writing was in line with the mainstream direction,not a feminine and private writing with a single dependence on spirit and emotion.There are three points worthy of attention in the process of Zheng becoming a“famous poetess in Yuan Dynasty”.First of all,as a“poet”,Zheng was recognized as an independent woman,not a relative of a man.Secondly,Zheng was recognized for his poetry writing,not because of the legend of women s virtue,beauty and eroticism.Thirdly,Zheng finally established her reputation and position in the history of women s poetry that began to be constructed in the Ming Dynasty,and the decisive factor was the compilation and publication of Su Yong Collection and selected works of women s poetry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.To some extent,the study of this paper reveals the trend of secularization and popularization of poetry since the Song and Yuan Dynasties.It reflects the multicultural pattern of the coexistence of mainstream literary concepts,enlightenment thoughts and popular culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It also highlights the importance of printing and publishing factors.The introduction of a new perspective has deepened and expanded the significance of Zheng Yunduan s poetry research.