中国婚姻教育匹配模式对婚姻满意度的影响——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

Effect of educational matching model on marital satisfaction in China:empirical analysis based on CGSS data

当代中国社会的婚姻匹配模式发生了较大的变化,教育逐渐成为选择婚配模式的首要考虑因素。本文利用中国综合社会调查2012、2015、2017年的微观入户调查数据,分析中国婚姻教育教育匹配模式对婚姻满意度的影响。研究结果显示:夫妻受教育水平差距的扩大会显著提升婚姻满意度,同质化教育匹配模式下的婚姻满意度最低;在非同质教育匹配模式中,传统“男高女低”的教育匹配模式会显著提升婚姻满意度,而“女高男低”的教育匹配模式在2012年并未对婚姻满意度具有显著影响。随着中国经济社会的发展,到了2015年及2017年“女高男低”的教育匹配模式对婚姻满意度具有显著的正向影响;教育匹配模式对婚姻满意度的影响具有显著的性别和城乡异质性,夫妻双方受教育水平差距的扩大能显著促进城市女性和农村男性婚姻满意度的提高,对城市男性及农村女性并没有显著影响。

The marriage matching model in contemporary Chinese society has undergone significant changes,and education has gradually become the primary consideration in choosing the marriage matching model.The paper uses the micro-household survey data of the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)2012,2015 and 2017 to analyze the effect of educational matching model on marital satisfaction in China.The results show that the widening gap in the educational level of the couples will significantly improve marital satisfaction,and the marital satisfaction in the homogeneous educational matching model is the lowest;and in the non-homogeneous educational matching model,the traditional educational matching model of"men having higher educational level and women having lower educational level"will significantly improve marital satisfaction while the educational matching model of"women having higher educational level and men having lower educational level"didn't have a significant effect on marital satisfaction in 2012.With the development of economy and society in China,the educational matching model of"women having higher educational level and men having lower educational level"had a significantly positive effect on marital satisfaction in 2015 and 2017.The effect of educational matching model on marital satisfaction has significant heterogeneity in gender and urban-rural areas.The widening gap in educational level of the couples may significantly improve the marital satisfaction of urban women and rural men,but it has no significant effect on urban men and rural women.