论约翰·罗斯金对真的美学思考及其对前拉斐尔派的影响

John Ruskin’s Aesthetic Reflection on Truth and Its Influence on the Pre-Raphaelites

本文从美学思想史角度分析英国19世纪美学家约翰·罗斯金对真这一核心美学观念的思考及其对前拉斐尔派艺术的影响。罗斯金以思想之真为宗旨的美学涵摄力量、摹仿、真诚、美、历史关联五个维度;罗斯金立足思想之真为前拉斐尔派艺术辩护;前拉斐尔派先锋文学期刊《萌芽》将罗斯金的真之美学与埃德加·爱伦·坡的唯美诗学融合后对罗斯金美学思想进行新拓展。罗斯金以真为宗旨的美学回应18世纪英国美学家A.A.库珀和德国美学家克里斯蒂安·沃尔夫对真的美学思考,通过与前拉斐尔派的双向交流,开启了19世纪中期以来先后以真、美、善为旨趣的英国现代派美学思想的宏大叙事。

This article analyzes 19~(th)-century British aesthetician John Ruskin's reflection on truth, the core concept of aesthetics and its influence on the art of the Pre-Raphaelites from the perspective of aesthetic intellectual history.Ruskin's aesthetics with the truth of thought as the tenet incorporates five dimensions of power, imitation, sincerity, beauty and historical relation;Ruskin's defense for the art of the Pre-Raphaelites is based on the truth of thought;the Pre-Raphaelite avant-garde literary journal The Germ combines Ruskin's aesthetics of truth with Edgar Allen Poe's aesthetic poetics and leads to new extension of Ruskin's aesthetics. Ruskin's aesthetics with truth as tenet responds to the aesthetic reflections on truth by 18~(th)-century British aesthetician A. A. Cooper and German aesthetician Christian Wolff, communicates with the Pre-Raphaelites reciprocally, and initiates the grand narrative of British Modernist aesthetics purported with truth, beauty and goodness successively.