马尔库塞爱欲观之重审——从拉康视角出发

A Critical Review of Marcuse’s Theory of Eros from the Perspective of Lacanian Psychoanalysis

爱欲观在马尔库塞的文化规划中具有重要地位。借由爱欲的释放,马尔库塞旨在实现马克思主义意义上的人之解放。弗洛伊德无意识理论是爱欲观的主要理论来源。学界对此的异议多从马克思主义和弗洛伊德精神分析学角度,针对爱欲观的学理基础及其解放潜力展开。而拉康的精神分析学则为重审爱欲观提供了一种新的辩证方案。通过对爱欲异质性的揭示,以及对爱欲作为主体话语的坚持,马尔库塞激活了爱欲的解放潜能;但因他在爱欲位置和性质上的双重摇摆,反过来又削弱了爱欲的解放动因。从拉康视角的重审不仅可进一步揭示马尔库塞爱欲观的学理价值,亦可为当代人类解放事业的推进提供必要的理论铺垫。

Mainly grounded in the Freudian concept of the unconscious,Marcuse's theory of Eros plays a significant role in his cultural projects.Marcuse believes that the release of Eros would lead to the realization of the Marxian vision of human emancipation.This theory,however,has often been subject to criticisms over its theoretical basis and untapped emancipatory potential,most of which are made from the perspectives of Marxism and Freudian psychoanalysis.Therefore,Lacan's psychoanalysis offers a new dialectical approach to re-examining Marcuse's theory of Eros.On the one hand,Marcuse uncovers the heterogeneity of Eros and insists on“Eros being the subject's discourse”,thus claiming the emancipatory potential of Eros.On the other hand,his inconsistencies in both the position and the quality of Eros,however,undermine its potential.A critical review of the theory of Eros not only reaffirms its theoretical value,but also brings valuable experience and lessons to the project of human emancipation.