全球性重大灾害事件背景下港航运营管理研究综述

Review on research of global major disaster event related port and shipping operation and management

为系统性梳理全球性重大灾害事件发生后港航运营管理领域的研究进展,利用知识图谱分析软件VOSviewer对Web of Science和中国知网数据库收录的全球性重大灾害事件背景下港口、航运管理领域的577篇文献进行了共词聚类分析,凝练了航运市场、港航运营管理和港航灾害防控等3个研究热点,综述了热点代表性文献的研究对象、方法和结论,分析了全球性重大灾害事件背景下港航运营管理的研究现状和研究空白,指明了若干潜在的研究方向。研究结果表明:全球性重大灾害事件背景下航运市场的研究多聚焦在货运市场,主要内容涵盖市场供求关系与运价预测、考虑风险的利益相关方交易机制设计;有关港口运营管理的研究主要涉及港口运营绩效评估、港口治理和商业模式、港口可持续发展;有关航运运营管理的研究主要关注航线网络格局变化、航运网络设计、航运服务销售策略;有关港航灾害防控的研究多聚焦在海员的压力、健康管理和心理干预等;未来的研究方向有利用机器学习、大数据预测航运市场行情,考虑市场风险因素分析港航利益相关方的博弈行为,运用区块链、人工智能、大数据、5G和数字孪生等实现港航运营管理智能化,构建全球港口、航运企业协同治理机制和班轮联盟航运网络设计与利益分配机制,讨论全球性重大灾害事件背景下海员轮班制度、日常健康管理理论、心理识别与干预方法等。

To systematically sort out the research progress in the field of port and shipping operation and management after the global major disaster event,a total of 577 pieces of global major disaster events-related literature in the field of port and shipping management were analyzed by co-word clustering analysis using the knowledge graph analysis software VOSviewer included in Web of Science database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database.Three research hotspots,including the shipping market,port and shipping operation and management,and port and shipping disaster prevention and control,were sorted out.The research objects,methods,and conclusions of the representative literatures concerning the abovementioned research hotspots were reviewed.The current research status and research gaps of port and shipping operation and management in the context of global major disaster events were analyzed.Several potential research directions were proposed.Research results show that the studies on the shipping market in the context of global major disaster events are mainly related to the freight market,including the market supply and demand relationship,freight rate forecast,and design of transaction mechanisms between stakeholders considering risks.The studies on the port operation and management include the port operation performance assessment,port governance and business model,and sustainable development of ports.The studies on the shipping operation and management focus on changes in the shipping network patterns,shipping network design,and shipping service sales strategy.The studies on the port and shipping disaster prevention and control focus on the topics such as the seafarer stress,health management,and psychological intervention.Future research directions include the prediction of market quotations using the machine learning and big data,the game behavior of port and shipping stakeholders considering the market risk factors,realization of intelligent port and shipping operation and management by applying the blockchain,artificial intelligence,big data,5G,digital twin,and other emerging technologies,as well as construction of collaborative governance mechanism of global ports and shipping enterprises.They also include the liner alliance shipping network design,profit allocation mechanism for alliance members,and discussion on the seafarer shift system,daily health management theory,psychological identification,and intervention method in the context of global major disaster event.