必经之门:师门组织中的博士生发展机制及其教育意蕴

Necessary Door to Enter:The Doctoral Students Development Mechanism in Shimen and Its Educational Implications GU Jianmin&PU Linlin

我国博士生教育实行导师负责制,以导师为核心的师门组织对博士生发展产生了重要影响。对师门组织中的博士生发展进行质性研究后发现,博士生从师门组织情境、与他者的互动、与自我的互动中获取自身发展的动力,通过参与师门组织的各种实践活动,对自我不断改造和完善,逐渐生成学者应有的素质与能力,实现师门身份和学术身份的双重转换。从博士生“动力-实践-生成”发展模式的运行逻辑看,博士生发展是动力机制、实践机制和生成机制共同作用的产物,三者相互嵌入、交织互动、反复迭代的过程构成了师门组织中的博士生发展机制。虽然现实中博士生的发展机制呈现出异质性,但博士生的发展普遍具有动态性与生成性、情境性与交互性、实践性与主体性等特征。为促进博士生高质量发展,应加强对博士生发展过程的体察,为博士生的实践参与提供专业化的指导,大力创设良好的师门组织环境,激发博士生发展的内生性力量。

The tutorial system is implemented in the doctoral education in our country,and the shimen with the supervisor as the core has an important impact on the development of doctoral students.After qualitative research on the development of doctoral students in shimen,it is found that doctoral students obtain the motivation for their own development from the context of shimen,the interaction with others in shimen and the interaction with themselves.By participating in various practical activities of shimen,doctoral students constantly transform and improve themselves,gradually generate the quality and ability of scholars,and realize the double transformation of the scholar identity and academic identity.From the running logic of the development model of"motivation-practice-generation",the development of doctoral students is the product of the joint action of the mechanism of motivation,the mechanism of practice and the mechanism of generation,which are embedded,interwoven and iterated to form the development mechanism of doctoral students in shimen.Although development mechanism of doctoral students shows heterogeneity in reality,the development of doctoral students is generally dynamic and generative,situational and interactive,practical and subjective.In order to promote the high-quality development of doctoral students,we should strengthen the observation of the development process of doctoral students,provide professional guidance for the practical participation of doctoral students,vigorously create a good environment of shimen,and stimulate the intrinsic power of doctoral students'development.