“家人世界”:滇池沿岸宗教生活的语言形式

“Family World”:Linguistic Forms of Religious Life along the Dianchi Lake

本文从“日常语言视角”讨论基层社会宗教生活中的语言形式。本文认为,直到最近的宗教人类学研究仍然没有触碰到与宗教/信仰生活有关的一个维度,即日常语言述说视角下的宗教/信仰生活。在田野中,我们常常遇到的是“说—做”一体,而非仅仅“做”宗教。虽然“做宗教”论也包含“说”(例如话语模式和灵验模式),但本文的“说”是与日常语言视角实在论有关的“言和行”以及“话与事”。这种基于日常语言视角的研究,不仅依赖于长期的田野观察,还需要有当代影音技术作为测度手段。从与宗教生活有关的日常谈话中,我们发现,地方话编织的是一个家人、亲属、乡亲或差序性的生活世界。本文将这种由日常言语编织的人—鬼—物的世界称为“家人世界”。当然,“家人世界”并不是指亲属关系意义上的实际存在,而是对日常交往言谈效果的概念化或表征化理解。

This paper discusses the language forms in the religious life of grassroots society from the perspective of“everyday language”.The research question arises from the author’s distant observation of anthropological studies of religion as well as the field data gained from listening to the discourses of daily religious life.This paper argues that until recent anthropological studies of religion have not touched on one dimension related to religion/faith,that is,religion and faith from the perspective of everyday language discourse.What we often encounter in the field is the unity of“talking and doing”rather than just“doing”religion.Although the perspective of“doing religion”also includes“talking”,the“talking”in this article refers to“words and actions”and“words and things”related to realism of everyday language.Research based on the perspective of daily language not only relies on long-term field observations,but also requires contemporary audio and video technology as a means of measurement(mapping).This study finds that local dialects create a differentiated life world of family members,relatives,and fellow villagers,referred here as“家人世界”(Jiaren shijie,family world)of people-ghosts-things woven by daily language.“Family world”does not refer to the actual existence of kinship,but only a conceptual or representational understanding of the effects of speech in daily interactions.The paper does not assert that the“family world”is purely constructed,or formed by consensus,as some pragmatists suggest,but views the concept as occurring in the context of certain forms of life from the perspective of everyday language realism.It is of great significance to discuss discourses in religious life from the perspective of daily language,that is,to avoid treating the“family world”in the context of dialects(Chinese)as a synonym in the content of cross-linguistic societies.In short,it is necessary to emphasize the importance of understanding the“家人世界”from the perspective of everyday language.