技术封锁背景下的中国研发支持政策:基于行业异质性的视角

China's R&D Policy under the Tech Blockade:An Analysis based on the Heterogeneous Schumpeter Growth Model

本文在一个同时包含基础研究和应用研究的异质性熊彼特增长模型中探讨技术封锁背景下研发支持政策影响创新的作用机制。研究发现,政府支持基础研究的政策一方面通过增强原始创新能力对技术进步率和社会福利产生正向影响,另一方面通过挤占应用研究部门和生产部门的资源投入对技术进步率和社会福利产生负向影响,该结果说明存在最优研发支持政策。针对中美贸易摩擦的反事实模拟发现,若以保障国家科技安全为首要目标,政府需将基础研究投入力度由当前的6.50%增强至15.78%,并以76.00%的应用研究补贴强度,集中力量激励“卡脖子”行业技术攻关;若以社会福利最大化为首要目标,政府的应用研究补贴在聚焦“卡脖子”行业技术短板的同时,还应兼顾中国优势行业的技术长板,着力加强各领域关键核心技术攻关。

This paper presents a heterogeneous Schumpeter growth model with basic research and applied research,and explores the innovation effect of R&D policy under the tech blockade.It finds that,government support for basic research not only has a positive impact on the technology growth rate and social welfare,but also has a negative impact by reducing investment in applied research and production sectors.Therefore,there exists an optimal R&D resource allocation.A counterfactual simulation of trade frictions between China and the United States finds that,if the primary goal is to ensure national science and technology security,the government should increase the investment in basic research from the current 6.50%to 15.78%,and focus on encouraging the"neck sticking"industries with 76.00%of applied research subsidy.However,in order to maximize social welfare,government applied research subsidy should not only focus on the shortcomings of the"neck sticking"industries,but also take into account the industries that China has technology advantages,and focus on strengthening the key core technology research in various fields.