大学迁徙与中国大学共同体的历史建构

University Migration and the Historical Construction of the Chinese University Community

大学迁徙是中国高等教育史上一个特殊的历史现象,1931—1959年的大学迁徙重塑了中国大学共同体。该共同体有着共同的价值理念、整体设计的发展规划、交融互通的校史源流以及亲密的历史文化关系,是在近现代中国救亡图存、民族复兴运动中生成的命运共同体。通过迁徙,大学在价值层面建立和巩固了中国大学的民族品性和身份认同,使“在中国的大学”成为了“中国的大学”;在治理层面,政府加强了对高等教育的管理权,高等教育的发展由无序走向规范,一个统一的中国现代大学制度开始渐趋完善;在组织层面,中国大学整体上成为“多元一体”,形成了中国大学独有的“谱系关系”和“母系现象”;在生活层面,形成了一个亲密的社会关系网络,共有的情感体认强化了大学之间本已相当紧密的联系。迁徙是中国近现代大学的集体记忆。

University migration,a special phenomenon in the history of China's higher education,helped to shape the"Chinese university community"between 1931 and 1959.The community boasted of common values,a holistically-designed plan for development,mutually-integrated university histories,and close historical and cultural relationships,and served as a"community with a shared future"constructed during the movements of national salvation and rejuvenation in latter-day and modern China.In terms of value,the universities established and consolidated the national character and identity of Chinese universities through university migration,making"universities in China""universities of China";in terms of governance,the government strengthened its authority over higher education,and the development of higher education stepped from disorder into regulation,and a unified system for modern Chinese universities tended to be improved;in terms of organization,Chinese universities were on the whole"pluralistic,"forming their unique"genealogical relationship"and"matrilineal phenomenon";and in terms of life,Chinese universities developed a close network of social relations,and shared emotions reinforced their already strong ties.Overall,university migration was a collective memory of latter-day and modern Chinese universities.