氯胺酮相关膀胱炎的研究进展

Advances in ketamine-associated cystitis

氯胺酮是一种临床常用静脉麻醉药,但该药物会引起欣快感,易成瘾。氯胺酮滥用已成为严重社会问题,随之出现的氯胺酮相关膀胱炎(KC)症状包括尿频、尿急、血尿、排尿困难、排尿后膀胱疼痛及痛觉过敏。KC的发病机制较复杂,可能与氯胺酮对尿路上皮细胞、膀胱血管与神经的毒性作用,以及引起的自身免疫反应、细胞凋亡等有关。发生KC时应及时停用氯胺酮,使用抗胆碱药、非甾体抗炎药、尿路上皮保护剂等,必要时进行手术治疗。

Ketamine is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic in clinical practice,but it can cause euphoria and addiction.Ketamine abuse has become a serious social problem.The symptoms of ketamine-associated cystitis(KC)include frequent urination,urgency,hematuria,dysuria,bladder pain after urination and hyperalgesia.The pathogenesis of KC is complex,which may be related to the toxic effects of ketamine on urinary tract epithelial cells,bladder blood vessels and nerves,as well as the autoimmune response and apoptosis.When KC occurs,ketamine should be discontinued in time,and anticholinergic drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,urinary tract epithelial protective agents,etc.should be used,and surgical treatment should be performed if necessary.