升温对海伦地区大豆生长发育影响的模拟研究

Simulation of the Effect of Warming on the Growth andDevelopment of Soybeans in Hailun Area

为研究升温对黑龙江省海伦地区大豆生长发育的影响,利用海伦地区2004—2021年气象、土壤和大豆产量等资料,基于WOFOST模型对大豆不同生育期分别进行1—5℃升温处理,模拟分析升温对海伦地区大豆叶面积指数、干物质分配和产量的影响。结果表明,全生育期升温会导致大豆生育期提前,叶面积指数提前达到峰值,籽粒干物质分配比例和产量随温度升高而降低。出苗—开花期和结荚—成熟期升温胁迫下,叶面积指数和产量总体随温度升高而下降,但出苗—开花期升温胁迫下叶面积指数和产量的变幅较小;结荚—成熟期升温胁迫下籽粒分配比例随温度升高而降低,而出苗—开花期升温胁迫则表现相反。出苗—开花期、结荚—成熟期和全生育期5℃升温胁迫下,产量分别降低10.2%、11.6%和31.0%。总之,不同阶段升温导致海伦地区大豆减产,其中全生育期升温的影响最大,结荚—成熟期次之,出苗—开花期最小。

Using historical meteorological,soil,and yield data from 2004 to 2021,the WOFOST model was used to warm soybeans at 1–5℃at different growth stages in order to study the effects of warming on the growth and development of soybeans in the Hailun area of Heilongjiang Province.The effects of warming on the leaf area index,dry matter distribution,and yield of soybeans in Heilun area were simulated and analyzed.The findings demonstrated that warming throughout the entire growth stage would cause the early growth period,an early peak in the leaf area index,and a drop in the yield ratio and dry matter distribution of soybean grain as temperature increased.The leaf area index and yield decreased with the increase of temperature of emergence-flowering and pod-maturity stages,while the variation of leaf area index and yield was small under the warming of emergence-flowering stage.When temperatures rose during the pod-ripening stage,the grain ratio of soybeans decreased;however,during the emergence-flowering period,the reverse trend was seen.At the emergence-flowering stage,pod-maturity stage,and whole growth stage,the yield dropped by 10.2%,11.6%,and 31.0%,respectively,with the warming treatment at 5℃.In conclusion,temperature increase at different stages led to yield reduction of soybean in Hailun area,with the greatest impact of temperature increase at the whole growth stage,followed by the pod-maturity stage and the least at the emergence-flowering stage.