民国时期华人基督徒与《圣经》汉译

Chinese Christians and the Chinese-translation of the Bible during the Minguo Period

在近代《圣经》汉译的历史过程中,华人译者经历了由传教士助手到独立译经者的身份转型。与基督宗教史上不同宗派各自独立译经的传统相同,民国时期的中国也存在着新教和天主教两条汉语译经脉络:前者以王元德、朱宝惠、郑寿麟和吕振中为代表,后者以李问渔、萧静山、马相伯、萧舜华和吴经熊为代表,分别遵照自身宗派传统独立翻译《圣经》。受制于语言能力、翻译难度等因素,华人基督徒多选择翻译《新约》,少有涉及《旧约》,亦未能产生独立全译本,但展现了其在《圣经》汉语翻译过程中的角色及走向独立译经的历史趋势。

In the course of the history of modern Chinese translations of the Bible,Chinese translators have undergone a transformation from missionary assistants to independent translators of the Bible.There are two schools of translators of the Bible Protestant and Catholic.The former is represented by Wang Yuande(王元德),Zhu Baohui(朱宝惠),Zheng Shoulin(郑寿麟),and LüZhenzhong(吕振中);the latter by Li Wenyu(李问渔),Xiao Jingshan(萧静山),Ma Xiangbo(马相伯),Xiao Shunhua(萧舜华),and Wu Jingxiong(吴经熊).All of the translators independently translated the Bible in accordance with their own religious traditions.Limited by many factors,such as language ability and difficulty in translation,Chinese Christians chose to translate the New Testament,rarely the Old Testament.Thus,they failed to produce independent full translations.However,their work showed the role of Chinese Christians in the process of the Chinese translation of the Bible and the historical trend towards independent translation.