金耳新品种‘中菌金耳4号’选育

Breeding of Naematelia aurantialba New Cultivar‘Zhongjunjiner No.4’

选取在云南省怒江傈僳族自治州与迪庆藏族自治州之间的德贡公路旁栎树倒木上采集的颜色鲜艳、生长健壮、肉质厚实的野生金耳(Naematelia aurantialba)子实体,经组织分离、初筛、复筛获得优良菌株JE-4。以市场销售金耳分离获得菌株J-5为对照,通过拮抗实验、测定菌丝培养特性和农艺性状以及SSR分子标记比较2个菌株间的差异;通过生产实验分析比较JE-4与J-5的生物学效率和增产率的差异。结果表明:与对照J-5相比,初筛和复筛获得优良菌株JE-4的菌丝生长较好;菌丝生长温度为20~30℃,出菇温度为10~35℃,最适出菇温度为18~20℃;栽培周期(从接种至采收时间)48d;子实体呈金黄色;第一潮生物学效率为(71.26±0.55)%。2021—2022年的多次栽培示范实验中,JE-4在各示范点的第一潮生物学效率显著高于J-5,周期缩短。JE-4整齐度高,朵形较大(直径9.7cm,肉质层厚度3.9cm),开瓣充分,转色均匀,干品正面和反面均呈金黄色(菇根部为白色),无白斑,对照朵形较小(直径7.7 cm,肉质层厚度3.5 cm),开瓣不充分,干品正面暗黄色,背面灰白色;利用6对SSR引物(JESSR003、JESSR010、JESSR075、JESSR090、JESSR098、JESSR100)进行DNA多态性分析可将二者明显区分。JE-4营养物质较丰富,多糖和氨基酸总量等高于对照J-5。2023年,金耳新品种JE-4通过云南省非主要农作物品种认定,命名为‘中菌金耳4号’。

Wild Naematelia aurantialba fruiting bodies with bright colors,strong growth and thick flesh were collected from fallen oak trees along Degang Highway between the Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Nujiang and Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province.After tissue separation,preliminary screening and secondary screening,an excellent strain named JE-4 was obtained.Using N.aurantialba strain J-5 isolated from mushrooms sold in the market as the control,antagonistic reaction,mycelial characteristics,agronomic traits,and SSR molecular markers were compared between the two strains.JE-4 and J-5 were then compared for biological efficiency and yield in production experiments.The results showed that JE-4 had better mycelial growth than J-5,and the mycelial growth temperature,fruiting temperature,optimal fruiting temperature for JE-4 were 20-30℃,10-35℃and 18-20℃,respectively.The cultivation period(from inoculation to harvest)for JE-4 was 48 d.JE-4 produced golden yellow fruiting bodies with the first flush biological efficiency at(71.26±0.55)%.During 2021-2022,multiple demonstration experiments were carried out,and JE-4 showed a significantly higher first flush biological efficiency in all production sites as compared with J-5.JE-4 also showed a shorter production cycle.Fruiting bodies of JE-4 were highly uniform,large(9.7 cm in diameter and 3.9 cm in fleshy thickness),fully flowered,uniformly changed in color,golden yellow on both front and back of dried fruiting bodies(white root),and spot-free white.In contrast,fruiting bodies of J-5 were small sized(7.7 cm in diameter and 3.5 cm in fleshy thickness,and insufficiently flowered.Dried fruiting bodies of J-5 were dark yellow on the front and off-white on the back.Using six SSR primers,JESSR003,JESSR010,JESSR075,JESSR090,JESSR098,JESSR100,JE-4 was distinguished from J-5 in DNA polymorphism analysis.JE-4 was found rich in nutrients,and the total amount of polysaccharides and amino acids were higher than those of J-5.In 2023,JE-4 was recognized as a non-major crop variety in Yunnan Province,and was named‘Zhongjun N.aurantialba No.4’.