比较视角下产学融合对专精特新企业创新能力的差异化影响

The Differential Impact of University-Industry Collaboration on the Innovation Capability of SADI Enterprises from a Comparative Perspective

为深入探究专精特新企业的产学融合模式,基于知识溢出理论和吸收能力理论,使用2011—2021年中国A股上市企业的专利数据,分析不同产学融合模式(合作研发与成果转化)对不同类型企业(专精特新企业与非专精特新企业)创新能力(创新数量与创新质量)的差异化影响。研究发现,(1)合作研发对企业创新数量和创新质量均有促进作用,其中对专精特新企业的创新质量的影响强于非专精特新企业,在创新数量方面没有显著差异;(2)现阶段,成果转化对增强中国企业创新能力的影响较小,且对不同企业没有显著差异,表明中国企业对高校专利的吸收能力还待进一步提高;(3)于专精特新企业而言,合作研发对其创新能力的促进作用显著强于成果转化。经倾向得分匹配(PSM)等稳健性检验后,结论依旧成立,本研究为大中小企业选择适合的产学合作战略以协同促进高水平科技自立自强提供了新的理论解释和实证证据。

This study aims to deeply explore the University-Industry Collaboration model of SADI enterprises.Specifically,based on the knowledge spillover theory and the absorptive capacity theory,using the patent data of China's A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021,this paper analyzes the differential impact of different universityindustry collaboration models(joint research and technology transfer)on the innovation capabilities(innovation quantity and innovation quality)of different types of enterprises(SADI and-non-SADI).The study finds that:(1)Joint research can promote both the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation,and the impact on the innovation capability of SADI enterprises is stronger than that of non-SADI enterprises;Besides,there is no significant difference in the impact on innovation quantity.(2)At this stage,technology transfer has little impact on enhancing the innovation ability of Chinese enterprises,and there is no significant difference between different enterprises,indicating that the ability of Chinese enterprises to absorb university patents needs to be further improved.(3)For SADI enterprises,joint research can significantly promote their innovation capabilities rather than technology transfer.After robustness tests such as propensity score matching(PSM),the conclusions still hold.This study provides new theoretical explanations and empirical evidence for large and medium-sized enterprises to choose appropriate university-industry collaboration strategies to promote high-level technological self-reliance.