中国考古学的起步:沙锅屯遗址相关问题再认识

The Beginning of Chinese Archaeology:Reconsideration of Issues concerning the Shaguotun(Sha Kuo T’un)Site

如果说安特生1921年在中国的考古发掘标志着中国史前考古学以及中国现代田野考古学开始的话,那么第一个应该提到的就是沙锅屯洞穴遗址的发掘[1]。这是因为锦西县(今辽宁葫芦岛市)沙锅屯遗址的发掘是在1921年6、7月,而河南渑池县仰韶遗址的发掘则始于同年10月。从这个角度来说,以考古发掘为标志的中国科学意义上的考古学实际上发端于中国东北地区[2]。

The contents of the Shaguotun site are complex.In addition to identified remains of the Hongshan culture and Xiaoheyan culture,the site also includes remains of the Lower Xiajiadian culture.Based on dif ferences in soil texture,color,and inclusions,Andersson identified dif ferent layers of the site's stratigraphy and first revealed the relative chronological relationship between the three archaeological cultures mentioned above.This was his important contribution to stratigraphy in Chinese archaeology.The concepts of artifact classification and comparative research that permeate Andersson's excavation report had clear foundational influence on typology in Chinese archaeology.During his excavation and study of the Shaguotun site,Andersson pioneered a multidisciplinary approach to Chinese archaeology.His excavation report had a lasting and profound impact on the compilation of Chinese archaeological reports.