基于二维扫描声呐MS1000的跨海高铁水下测绘研究

The Research of Underwater Surveying in High-speed Railway Construction Based on the MS1000 Scan Sonar

高铁跨海大桥施工中,传统水下测绘方法存在测量手段原始、测量成果单一、不能直观描述工况、易受水体能见度和恶劣气象条件干扰等弊端。因此,将“二维扫描声呐MS1000水下测绘技术”应用于工程实践。首先,介绍了MS1000的系统构成、工作原理和功能特性,根据不同施工工序对水下测绘的技术要求,研究了MS1000相应的安装方式、参数设置和扫测方法;然后,对大桥施工中“设计路由海底地形地貌调查”“海底养殖区木桩群调查”“水泥压块水下安装指挥”“桥墩基础挖掘实时显示”“重力锚水下安装指挥”“防护网水下安装指挥”和“桥墩冲刷监测”等7项关键工序的工作方法进行总结。研究结果表明,采用该技术共发现散落渔礁1处、海底沉船1艘、海底养殖区木桩群3处;监测到12号桥墩涨潮流方向的平均0.5 m深度的冲刷情况。MS1000以图像的形式直观呈现水下工况,能够为施工指挥人员提供实时可视化参考,同时还兼具定位测量功能,能够快速提供量化结果。

In order to solve problems of the traditional underwater surveying and mapping methods in the construction of high-speed railway cross-sea bridge,such as primitive measurement means,lacking measurement results,unable to describe the working conditions directly and susceptible to water visibility and adverse weather conditions,the“two-dimensional scanning sonar MS1000 underwater surveying and mapping technology”was introduced to practical application.The system structure,working principle and functional characteristics of MS1000 were introduced.According to the requirements of underwater mapping in different construction processes,the corresponding installation mode,parameter setting and scanning method of MS1000 were studied.In the construction of the bridge,there were seven key processes,including“design and route survey of submarine topography and geomorphology”,“survey of wooden pile groups in submarine culture area”,“underwater installation command of cement block”,“real-time display of pier foundation excavation”,“underwater installation command of gravity anchor”,“underwater installation command of protective net”and“pier erosion monitoring”.The working methods and measurement results of MS1000 in each process were systematically described and summarized.A total of 1 scattered fishing reef,1 submarine shipwreck,3 wooden pile groups in the submarine culture area were found,the erosion of the average depth of 0.5 m in the tide direction of the 12#pier was monitored.The MS1000 visually presents underwater conditions in the form of images,which can provide real-time visual reference for construction commanders,and also has positioning measurement function,which can quickly provide quantitative results.