压电材料在传统吸声结构中的应用

Application of Piezoelectric Materials in Traditional Sound Absorption Structures

压电材料受到外界声压强作用时,可将声能转化为电能,并进一步转化为热能进行消耗,这可以作为一种新的吸声机制。当把压电材料应用到传统吸声结构中时,压电材料特有的吸声机制有利于提高结构的吸声降噪性能。本文总结了国内外压电材料在传统吸声结构中的应用进展。首先,介绍了常用的压电材料和其吸声机制。此外,根据传统多孔吸声结构和共振吸声结构的分类,系统综述了压电-多孔吸声结构(无机压电填料泡沫、有机压电泡沫、有机压电气凝胶等)以及压电-共振吸声结构(压电薄片、压电微穿孔板、压电静电纺薄膜等)的研究进展,并提炼出两种结构的基本设计原则、结构和性能。最后提出了压电复合吸声结构研究领域存在的问题及发展方向,以促进压电材料在传统吸声结构中的应用。

When piezoelectric materials are subjected to external sound pressure,the sound energy can be converted into electrical energy,and further converted into thermal energy for consumption,which can be used as a new sound absorption mechanism.When piezoelectric materials are applied to the traditional sound absorbing structure,the special sound absorbing mechanism of piezoelectric material is beneficial to improve the sound absorbing and noise reduction performance of the structure.The application of piezoelectric materials in traditional sound absorption structures is summarized in this paper.Firstly,common piezoelectric materials and their sound absorption mechanism are introduced.In addition,according to the classification of traditional porous and resonant sound absorption structure,the research progress of piezoelectric-porous sound absorption structure(inorganic piezoelectric filler foam,PVDF foam,organic piezoelectric gel,etc.)and piezoelectric-resonant sound absorption structure(piezoelectric thin slice,piezoelectric micro-perforated panel,piezoelectric electrostatic spinning film,etc.)is systematically reviewed.And the basic design principle,structure and performance of the two structures are also extracted.Finally,in order to promote the application of piezoelectric materials in traditional sound absorbing structures,the existing problems and development direction of piezoelectric composite sound absorbing structures are proposed.