冷喷涂铜基陶瓷复合涂层沉积机理与结构性能优化研究进展

Research Progress of Deposition Mechanism and Structure Performance Optimization of Cold Sprayed Copper-based Ceramic Composite Coatings

陶瓷颗粒与铜颗粒的热膨胀系数差异较大,故热喷涂的高温制备易导致涂层分层、开裂和失效。冷喷涂具有热输入低、不易氧化、沉积率高等特点,可以降低甚至避免高温冷却造成的相关缺陷,因此在制备高质量的铜基陶瓷复合涂层时的优势明显。本文首先对三种经典冷喷涂金属及金属合金涂层界面结合的基本概念和原理进行了概括,在此基础上对金属基陶瓷复合涂层的沉积机理进行了归纳总结;其次,从喷涂粉末制备工艺、喷涂前期基体状态和沉积过程工艺参数三个方面对铜基陶瓷复合涂层的组织结构和性能优化方法进行了梳理;最后,对冷喷涂铜基陶瓷复合涂层沉积技术和机理研究的发展方向进行了展望。

The thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic particles is different from that of copper particles,so that the high temperature of thermal spray technology causes coatings delamination,crack and failure.Cold spraying has demonstrated superiority over conventional technology due to its low operating temperature,low thermal damage and high deposition efficiency.Cold spray can solve the damage caused by high-temperature cooling,so that cold spray has been proven successful in preparing copper-based ceramic composite coatings with high performance.In this work,firstly,we classify the three classical deposition theories of cold spray of metal and metal alloy coatings and summarize the deposition mechanism of Cu-based ceramic composite coatings.Secondly,we analyse the microstructure and performance of copper-based ceramic composite coatings including powder performance,substrate condition and cold spray parameters.Finally,we propose several critical unresolved issues in the field as future research directions.