鱼类性别鉴定研究进展

esearch Progress on Sex Identification of Fish

简述了鱼类性别的决定,受遗传、环境因素共同影响;介绍了鱼类性别鉴定方法:表观观测法、组织切片、超声鉴定法、血液生化指标及激素判别法、染色体形态以及染色体带型差异判别法、分子标记法、单细胞测序技术等。分析了各种方法的优缺点及其实际应用范围。提出,今后对于鱼类性别鉴定方法,应着重研究性别特异位点,创新筛选技术,并加大性别分化机制和性别控制的研究力度,进一步开发单细胞测序技术在鱼类性别鉴定中的应用,对于鱼类,尤其是具有明显性别二态性的鱼类研究和渔业发展,具有重要意义。

This paper briefly reviews the genetic and environmental determinants of sex in fish,and introduces various methods for fish sex identification,including epigenetic observation,tissue sectioning,ultrasonic imaging,blood biochemical markers,hormone assays,chromosome morphology,chromosome banding,molecular markers,and single-cell sequencing.By analyzing the advantages and limitations of each technique and their practical applications,the paper suggests future research should focus on discovering sex-specific loci,developing innovative screening techniques,and increase the research efforts on the mechanism of sex differentiation and sex control.Wider application of single-cell sequencing for fish sex identification is also encouraged.Advancing research in these areas will significantly benefit fish biology and fisheries management,especially for species with pronounced sexual dimorphism.