应用伦理究竟如何“用”

How to“Use”Applied Ethics

应用伦理之用体现为体与用、该与用、运与用以及效与用四重关系,它们分别涉及本体奠基、价值原则、应用对象以及效果评估四个应用伦理的基础问题。应用伦理具有跨学科性,其本体奠基需以伦理关联的视野将诸事物发展的基本规律纳入考虑。事物发展的基本规律既为应用伦理的价值原则提供根本依据,也构成价值原则的约束条件,公正原则与利益原则能够满足聚合共识的要求。应用伦理并非简单将伦理原则加之于现实问题,而是需要在实践活动中运用实践智慧,遵循反思平衡的方法。应用伦理应着眼于公共利益,从整体的视角开展效果评估。

The use of applied ethics is reflected in four relationships:the relationship between substance and application,appropriateness and application,operation and application,and effectiveness and application.These relationships respectively involve the issues of ontological foundation,value principles,application objects,and effect evaluation in applied ethics.Applied ethics is interdisciplinary,and its ontological foundation needs to take the basic laws of the development of all things into consideration from an ethical perspective.The basic laws of the development of all things provide the fundamental basis for the value principles of applied ethics and also constitute the constraints of value principles.The principles of justice and benefit can meet the requirements of aggregation consensus.Applied ethics is not simply applying ethical principles to practical problems but requires using practical wisdom and following the method of reflective equilibrium in practical activities.Finally,applied ethics focus on public interest and its effect evaluation should be carried out from a holistic perspective.