工具、文化、自然:河流伦理的历史论证

Instrument,Culture and Nature:Historical Argumentation for River Ethics

人河伦理关系史依据历时性进路可以分为三个历史阶段。这三个历史阶段的演进特征依序分别为工具维度的历史论证、文化维度的历史论证、自然维度的历史论证。工具维度的历史论证视河流为极具可用性的工具性资源,关注人际、国际、代际间河流资源分配的公平与正义问题;文化维度的历史论证突破工具主义和实用主义之局囿,强调河流历史文化价值的不可量化以诉求对河流文化及其载体的保护与尊重;自然维度的历史论证立足于非人类中心主义,肯定河流的自然生命和主体价值,赋予河流独立的道德地位,试图开启人与河流和谐共生的伦理关系史向度。建构完整的河流伦理图式,需要三种历史论证进路的协同作用。

The history of the ethical relationship between humans and rivers can be divided into three historical phases based on the chronological progression,which are characterized by the historical argumentation of the instrumental dimension,the historical argumentation of the cultural dimension,and the historical argumentation of the natural dimension respectively.The historical argumentation of the instrumental dimension regards rivers as highly usable instrumental resources,and is concerned with the justice of inter-personal,international,and inter-generational distribution of river resources;the historical argumentation of the cultural dimension breaks through the confines of instrumentalism and pragmatism,and appeals to the unquantifiable historical and cultural value of rivers,as well as the protection of and respect for river cultures and their vectors;and the historical argumentation of the natural dimension is based on non-anthropocentrism,affirming the natural and historical life and subjective value of rivers,giving rivers an independent moral status,and advocating the historical evolution of the ethical relationship between humans and rivers.The construction of a complete history of river ethics requires the synergy of the three approaches.