大数据驱动下政府环境治理模式的演变

The Evolution of Chinese Environmental Governance Mode Driven by Big Data

大数据等新一代信息技术对国家环境治理产生重要影响。信息不对称情况下,政府对企业履行环境监管责任带有事前监管强、事中监管弱和事后处罚轻的特点,易造成环境风险累积并可能最终爆发环境污染事件。党的十八大以来,我国通过大数据等新一代信息技术加强环境质量监测和企业排污监测,创新大数据使用规则,增强污染源过程监测从而建立起常态化监管制度。大数据提高环境治理效果的可持续性,优化纵向政府间环境治理的职责分工,提升国家环境治理效能。我国应持续推动生态环境大数据基础建设和应用研究,健全大数据赋能环境治理的制度规则。

The new information technology such as big data exerts fundamental influence on national environmental governance.Under the information asymmetry circumstances,the compulsory environmental governance was featured with strict approval procedure,weak supervision and low punishment for pollution violation,which can easily lead to accumulation of environmental risks and eventually result in environmental pollution incidents.Since the 18th National Congress of CPC,new information technology such as big data has been developed quickly to promote the monitoring of environment quality and pollutant emission from enterprises.Innovation in rule of use of big data has been made,and a normalized supervision system has been established by enhancing the monitoring of the pollution source process.Big data could improve the sustainability of environmental governance,optimize vertical inter-governmental division of responsibilities for environmental governance,and improves national environmental governance effectiveness.It suggests that infrastructure construction and appliance study of eco-environmental big data should be further promoted and the institution and rule of environmental governance driven by big data be further developed.