试论二里头早期国家的世俗王权

The Secularized Power of Early State in Earlitou

考古发现和研究表明:二里头都城建制规划严整,具有九宫格式的功能布局和完备的城市道路系统;城内居民无论在文化背景、生活习俗、饮食传统还是遗传基因方面均具有多元文化融合的特征;小型家族墓地的“居葬合一”特征,表明他们具有不同的职业分工,且社会分化出现在家族内部;墓葬随葬品组合也反映出二里头文化时期已经形成了新的礼制和价值观。这些特征均表明,二里头早期国家具有职业化的社会组织管理能力,集体权力的增长和世俗化是其重要特征,且主要继承自本地的龙山文化传统,也是中原地区龙山至二里头社会转型时期政治实验成功的关键因素。二里头都城内的世俗王权的形成是早期国家出现的重要标志。

As archaeological evidences revealed,the city of Erlitou was well organized and planned in the nine-square layout with regular distributed walled blocks and road systems.The residents in the city shared diversified cultural backgrounds,social customs,diets and even genes,which indicates the combination of multi-cultures.The family cemeteries were localized near different functional zones,which indicates the division of social labors by occupations within families.New ideology and etiquette were developed in this period that could be observed from the assemblages of offerings within Erlitou tombs.The strong social organization power in Erlitou state that inherited from Longshan traditions can be viewed as the key factors for the success of Longshan-Erlitou political experiments.The Erlitou secularized power is an important sign of early state that emerged in central China.