唐墓壁画中T形杖功用新解

On the Practical Function of T-Shaped Objects in Tang Dynasty Tomb Murals

唐代墓葬壁画中常见由上部短横杆和下部长直杆组成的T形杖的图像。关于此类T形杖的称谓和功能,学界目前尚无定论。经分析发现,绘T形杖壁画墓葬均分布在关中和太原地区,年代集中于初唐至盛唐时期。从壁画中的器物组合来看,T形杖是唐代贵族阶层的日用器具,和“拂”有强烈关联,应该是用于张设和展挑帷帐的鸦叉。持鸦叉侍女和持拂侍女的组合实际上代表“掌帷帐茵席,洒扫张设”的侍女群体。唐墓壁画中这一组合的出现与消失受到唐代六尚二十四司制度演变的影响。

Images of T-shaped objects are common in the tomb murals of the Tang dynasty,which are composed of a short upper bar and a long straight pole.There is no consensus at present in the academic circle as to the name and function of this kind of objects.Analysis shows that tombs with T-shaped objects in murals are all in Guanzhong and Taiyuan area,and are mainly dated to the early and mid Tang dynasty.The combination of utensils in the murals shows that the T-shaped objects were daily used by the aristocracy in the Tang dynasty.And they should be the forks for setting up and hanging curtains and were closely related to the whisk.Maidservants holding the forks and those holding whisks are a combination responsible for arranging and cleaning curtains and bedclothes.The emergence and disappearance of this combination of images in the murals of Tang dynasty tombs are influenced by the evolution of the System of Six Ministries and Twenty-Four Bureaus in the Tang dynasty.