晚清国际医学会议的中国参会群体

Chinese Participants in the International Medical Conference in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清时期,代表中国赴外参加国际医学会议的群体成为中西医学交流的新使者。19世纪末,清政府曾尝试从民间招募医生参会,但自20世纪始,与会者均由清政府直接选定并委派,既有就近派出的驻外公使、参赞、翻译,也有从国内选派的军医官、医科举人、进士。晚清中国的现代医疗虽未窥及崖略,但医学家和外交官们仍较好地完成了发表见解、互动交流、维护本国权益的任务。赴外参会提高了与会者对世界医学发展前沿的认识水平,激发出他们改进和完善中国医疗卫生体系的强烈愿望,也达成了联络邦交、展现本国风貌的外交目标。不少与会时资历尚浅的参会者,其后均获得了良好的职业发展;已有所作为者,亦继续在医学或外交领域取得更卓越的成就。

In the late Qing dynasty,Chinese participants in the international medical conferences became the new envoy of medical exchanges between China and the West.In late 19th century,the Qing government tried to recruit doctors among the people for the conferences,but since the 20th century,the participants were directly selected and appointed by the Qing government.There are not only envoys,counselors and translators stationed from local embassies,but also military medical officers,medical Jinshi [进士] and Juren [举人] selected from China.Although modern medical treatment in the late Qing dynasty was not well developed,medical experts and diplomats still fulfilled the task of communicating and safeguarding the rights and interests of China.Attending the conference improved the participants' understanding of the frontier of the world's medical development,stimulated their strong desire to improve China's medical and health system,and reached the diplomatic goal of contacting diplomatic relations.Many of the young participants achieved good career development later on,and those that were already successful then continued to make more outstanding achievements in the field of medicine or diplomacy.