胚胎发育过程的表观遗传调控研究进展

Advancement of epigenetic regulation in embryonic development

表观遗传重塑过程从受精后短时间内便会开始,包括DNA甲基化改变、染色质重塑和转录改变。DNA甲基化在DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase,DNMT)和10-11易位蛋白(ten-eleven-translocation protein,TET)的参与和调控下重编程以及发生动态变化,这些变化与胚胎发育、早期细胞命运决定、印记基因调控密切相关。组蛋白,尤其H2和H3组蛋白甲基化、泛素化以及乙酰化等修饰同样作为重要的表观遗传调节器调控基因转录活性以及染色质可及性。DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)、组蛋白修饰(histonemodification)和染色质可及性(chromatin accessibility)均会随着胚胎发育阶段的变化而发生动态变化,与此同时,与DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰相关的基因、酶及底物也在发生动态变化。近期多项研究利用高通量测序等技术,从全基因组的角度,揭示了DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰以及染色质可及性的新机制,就胚胎发育过程的表观遗传调控研究进展进行综述。

Epigenetic remodeling begins shortly after fertilization,including DNA methylation changes,chromatin remodeling,and transcription changes.DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)and ten-eleven-translocation protein(TET)are involved in the reprogramming and dynamic changes of DNA methylation,which are closely related to embryonic development,early cell fate determination,and imprinted gene regulation.Histone modifications,particularly methylation,ubiquitination,and acetylation of H2 and H3 histones,serve as important epigenetic regulators that control gene transcription activity and chromatin accessibility.DNA methylation,histone modification,and chromatin accessibility undergo dynamic changes throughout different stages of embryonic development,and genes,enzymes,and substrates related to DNA methylation and histone modification also change dynamically.Recently,many new studies have revealed new mechanisms of DNA methylation,histone modification,and chromatin accessibility from the perspective of genome-wide.In this paper,the research progress on the epigenetic regulation of embryonic development was reviewed.