浆态床渣油加氢装置生产运行的分析和对策

Analysis and Countermeasures for Operation of Slurry Bed Residue Hydrogenation Unit

为了实现原油最大化利用,原油中重质馏分(特别是渣油)的高效加工利用至关重要。目前渣油加氢路线包括固定床渣油加氢、沸腾床渣油加氢和浆态床渣油加氢。对于更劣质的渣油,浆态床渣油加氢工艺方案的效益是优于其他方案的。浙江石油化工有限公司采用意大利Eni公司的EST浆态床渣油加氢裂化工艺技术。通过从加工负荷、原料油性质、关键运行操作参数、主要产品收率和性质等方面对2套300×10^(4)t/a浆态床渣油加氢装置进行了对比分析,2套装置总体运行情况良好,在现有条件下能够满足80%的加工负荷并平稳运行,转化率达到90%以上,液体收率达到75%左右,石脑油、柴油和蜡油等产品质量能够满足下游二次加工装置的要求。同时也重点剖析了在装置运行过程中遇到的减压塔无法长周期运行、螺旋板换热器内漏、浆液系统结焦堵塞、催化剂单耗高、仪表测量偏差大等生产难题,并提出了相应的解决措施和方案。

In order to maximize the utilization of crude oil,the efficient processing and utilization of heavy distillates,especially residue,in crude oil is very important.At present,residue hydrogenation routes include fixed bed residue hydrogenation,boiling bed residue hydrogenation and slurry bed residue hydrogenation.For more inferior residue,slurry bed residue hydrogenation process are superior to other processes.Zhejiang Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.adopts the EST slurry bed residue hydrocracking technology from Eni of Italy.Two 3.0Mt/a slurry bed residue hydrogenation units are compared and analyzed from the aspects of processing load,raw oil properties,key operating parameters,and the yield and properties of main products.The two units are operated well in general.Both of them are operated smoothly at 80%of the processing load under existing conditions,with a conversion rate of more than 90%and a liquid yield of about 75%,and the quality of products including naphtha,diesel oil and gas oil can meet the requirements of downstream secondary processing units.This paper also analyzes the problems encountered during the operation of unit,such as the short operation cycle of vacuum tower,the internal leakage of spiral plate heat exchanger,the coking blockage of slurry system,the high unit consumption of catalyst and the large deviation of instrument measurement,and puts forward some corresponding solutions and schemes.