二氧化碳捕集技术研究进展

Research Progress of Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies

CO_(2)是造成温室效应的主要气体,如何有效解决CO_(2)引起的气候问题越来越受到人们的关注。近年来,通过大力发展可再生能源和清洁能源试图从源头上降低碳排放,但由于短期内人类生产生活离不开对能源的消耗,要做到完全脱碳是不现实的。事实上,二氧化碳不仅是一种温室气体,也是一种潜在的碳资源。因此,如何捕集并有效利用CO_(2)成为业界一直在探索关注的研究方向。通过介绍和分析化学吸收法、多孔固体吸附法、膜分离法、深冷分离法、水合物法和微生物法等各类CO_(2)捕集技术的研究现状、适用场景和技术发展重点,总结对比不同CO_(2)捕集方法的优点和局限性,并针对不同技术的未来前景和建议方向进行了展望。以期为CO_(2)捕集和利用途径提供有益的借鉴和参考,推动CO_(2)捕集技术实现大规模商业化应用。

CO_(2) is the main gas that causes the greenhouse effect.How to effectively solve the climate problem caused by CO_(2) has attracted more and more attention.In recent years,attempts have been made to reduce carbon emissions at source by vigorously developing renewable energy and clean energy,but it is unrealistic to achieve complete decarbonization because the consumption of energy is indispensable in the daily life and production of mankind in the short term.In fact,CO_(2) is not only a greenhouse gas,but also a potential carbon resource.Therefore,how to capture and effectively use CO_(2) has become a research direction that the industry has been exploring and paying attention to.By introducing and analyzing the research status,application scenarios and technological development priorities of various CO_(2) capture technologies such as chemical absorption method,porous solid adsorption method,membrane separation method,cryogenic separation method,hydrate method and microbial method,the advantages and limitations of different CO_(2) capture methods are summarized and compared,and the future prospects and suggested directions of different technologies are put forward,so as to provide useful reference for CO_(2) capture and utilization and to promote the large-scale commercial application of CO_(2) capture technologies.