北京市中小学生对营养成分表认知与使用变化趋势

Trend of cognition and usage of nutrition facts table among primary and secondary school students in Beijing

目的 了解北京市中小学生对营养成分表认知与使用情况,为后续开展有针对性的营养健康教育提供科学依据。方法 利用2015年、2017年和2019年北京市中小学生营养与健康状况监测数据,分析不同监测年、性别、年级及地区的中小学生营养成分表知晓率、理解正确率、选择零食或饮料时参考营养成分表行为持有率及其影响因素。结果 2015年、2017年和2019年北京市中小学生营养成分表知晓率分别为88.0%、88.7%、89.3%,理解正确率分别为56.8%、58.5%、64.5%,选择零食或饮料时参考营养成分表行为持有率分别为66.4%、67.2%、67.2%,仅理解正确率呈逐年递增趋势(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,相对于男生、三年级学生,女生、五年级、初一学生知晓营养成分表的可能性更高,OR值分别为1.207、3.007、3.121;相对于三年级、不知晓、不参考营养成分表、2015年的学生,五年级、知晓营养成分表、参考营养成分表、2019年的学生正确理解营养成分表的可能性更高,OR值分别为1.342、393.042、1.431、1.415,相对城区学生,郊区学生正确理解营养成分表的可能性更低,OR值为0.861;相对于男生、三年级、城区、不知晓、不能正确理解营养成分表的学生,女生、五年级、初一年级、郊区、知晓营养成分表、正确理解营养成分表的学生选择零食或饮料时参考营养成分表行为的可能性更高,OR值分别为1.182、2.286、2.088、1.252、270.747、1.432。结论 北京市中小学生对营养成分表知晓率和参考行为持有率增长均不明显,仅理解正确率增长较明显。因此,仍需对中小学生持续开展有针对性的营养健康教育干预。

Objective To understand the cognition and usage of nutrition facts table among primary and secondary school students in Beijing,and to provide scientific basis for carrying out targeted nutrition and health education.Methods The data of our study were obtained from the Nutrition and Health Status Monitoring of Beijing among primary and secondary school students in 2015,2017 and 2019,respectively.The awareness rates,understanding rates,usage behavior rates and their influencing factors of nutrition facts table among primary and secondary school students were analyzed by different monitoring years,genders,grades and regions.Results The monitoring results of primary and secondary school students in Beijing in 2015,2017 and 2019 respectively showed that the awareness rates of nutrition table were 88.0%,88.7%and 89.3%,and the correct understanding rates were 56.8%,58.5%and 64.5%,respectively.When choosing snacks or drinks,the rates of using nutrition facts table were 66.4%,67.2%and 67.2%,respectively.In Beijing,the rates of understanding nutrition facts table showed an increasing trend year by year(P<0.001),but the awareness rates and the rates of using nutrition facts table did not change significantly.The girls,students in Grade 5 of primary school,and students in Grade 1 of middle school were more likely to know nutrition facts table,and the odds ratios were 1.207,3.007 and 3.121,respectively.Students in Grade 5 of primary school,students who knew nutrition facts table,students who used nutrition facts table and students in 2019 were more likely to understand nutrition facts table correctly,and the odds ratios were 1.342,393.042,1.431 and 1.415,respectively.Students from suburban areas were less likely to correctly understand nutrition facts table and the odds ratio was O.861.The girls,students in Grade 5 of primary school,students in Grade 1 of middle school,students from suburban areas,students who know nutrition facts table and students who correctly understand nutrition facts table were more likely to use nutrition facts table when choosing snacks or drinks,and the odds ratio were 1.182,2.286,2.088,1.252,270.747 and 1.432,respectively.Conclusion The awareness rates and the rates of using nutrition facts table among primary and secondary school students in Beijing did not increase significantly,only the understanding accuracy rate increased significantly.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out targeted nutrition and health education intervention for primary and middle school students continuously.