中小学生饮食行为及其与营养素养、家庭食物环境的关系

Eating behavior of primary and middle school students in Beijing Fengtai District and its relationship with nutrition literacy and family food environment

目的 了解中小学生的饮食行为现状,分析其与营养素养、家庭食物环境的关系,为中小学生养成健康的饮食行为提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,于2020年10月对北京市丰台区3至12年级学生及其照护者各629名进行问卷调查,两样本t检验和方差分析比较学生的饮食行为差异,多重线性回归探索饮食行为与营养素养、家庭食物环境的关系。结果 中小学生每日蔬菜的摄入率为67.7%,高于水果(59.8%)、奶制品(56.8%)、粗粮(25.9%)和豆制品(10.7%);营养素养水平和家庭食物环境健康率分别为5.9%和79.5%。多重线性回归分析显示,营养素养(β=0.368)、家庭食物可获得性(β=0.150)是学生饮食行为的积极影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 中小学生每日蔬菜、水果、奶制品、粗粮和豆制品的摄入率有待提高,学生的营养素养、家庭食物可获得性可对其饮食行为产生积极影响,相关部门可针对家庭、学校环境开展形式多样的健康教育活动,帮助学生养成良好的饮食习惯。

Objective To understand the status of eating behavior among primary and middle school students and analyze its relationship with nutritional literacy and family food environment,so as to provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate measures to help primary and middle school students develop healthy eating behavior.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 629 students from grade 3 to 12 and their caregivers in Fengtai District,Bejing in 2020.Two-sample t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare the dfferences in students'dietary behaviors,and multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship between dietary behaviors and nutritional literacy and family food environment.Results The daily intake rate of vegetables among primary and secondary school students was 67.7%,which was higher than that of fruits(59.8%),dairy products(56.8%),whole grains(25.9%)and bean products(10.7%).Their nutritional literacy level and the health rate of family food environment were 5.9%and 79.5%,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that dietary behavior was positively influenced by students'nutritional literacy(β=0.368)and family food availability(β=0.150)(P<0.05).Conclusion The daily intake rate of vegetables,fruits,dairy products,roughage and bean products should be improved.Nutritional literacy and family food availability can positively affect students'eating behaviors.Relevant departments should carry out various forms of health education activities aimed at family and school environments to help students develop good eating habits.