生命共同体的实现路径:基于人权的方法

The Realization of Community of Life:Approaches Based on Human Rights

“人与自然和谐共生”是习近平总书记生态文明思想“六项原则”中最核心的原则。他用“命脉”把人与“山、水、林、田、湖、草”连成生命共同体,对人与自然、人权保障与制度建设的关系提出了新要求。如何发挥人权保障在生态环境保护中的功用,并以基于人权的方法来探寻“生命共同体”的实现,是拓展观察视野、提升保障质量的重要命题。区别于传统的“人类中心主义”和“生态中心主义”等观点,需要探寻一种既尊重人权又保护生态环境的方法,把人权作为保护生态环境的杠杆和衡量标准,从法律的制定、执行到对保护客体的规划、检测行动的有效性等,全方位、多层次界定权利与义务归属,围绕运行路径和主要步骤不断促进人权进步和生命共同体的实现。

“Harmonious coexistence between man and nature”is the core principle of the“six principles”from Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization.He used“lifeblood”to connect human and“mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands”into a community of life and put forward new requirements for the relationship between man and nature,human rights protection and institutional construction.How to play the function of human rights protection in ecological environment protection and explore approaches to the realization of“a community of life”based on human rights is an important proposition to broaden observing visions and to improve and ensure quality.Different from the traditional ideas such as“anthropocentrism”and“eco-centrism”,it needs to seek approaches that both respect human rights and protect ecological environment,which takes human rights as a lever and standard for ecological environment protection and includes the legislation and implement of law to the plan of object protection and effectiveness of testing,defining rights and obligations from a comprehensive and multilevel way,thereby facilitating the advance of human rights and realization of community of life around the operational paths and main steps.