中小学教师减负的时间困境与突围之道

Time Dilemma and Breakthrough of Burden Reduction for Primary and Secondary School Teachers

中小学教师普遍处于忙碌和时间焦虑的状态,自我时间匮乏以及沉重的时间压力是中小学教师减负过程中的主要阻力。中小学教师减负面临着时间管理威权、时间界限模糊、时间分配失衡、时间资源稀缺的困境,而社会循环时间的“加速”文化、学校制度时间中“效率导向”的管控思维、教师互动时间中消极竞争关系的介入、教师功利化的时间利用观念是导致中小学教师处于时间困境的主要原因。其突围之道在于:寻求与时间的共鸣关系,确定以质作为基准的提升方式;回归制度时间的人本立场,明晰教师个人时间边界;在教师共同体中共享经验,丰富互动时间内容;唤起教师主体的觉醒,重建教师自我时间。

Giving time back to teachers is the breakthrough point of burden reduction for primary and secondary school teachers,and an important force in promoting their professional development.Primary and secondary school teachers are generally busy and anxious about time.Lack of self-time and heavy time pressure are the main obstacles of the burden reduction and they need to seek ways to deal with time dilemma.Primary and secondary school teachers are faced with dilemmas such as time management authority,constrain of various external time plans,ambiguous time boundary,leisure time occupied by work time,unbalanced time allocation,unreasonable proportion of non-teaching affairs,and scarce time resources.From the perspective of time sociology,the essence of the burden is their time allocation and experience.The formation of teachers'burden is the result of the joint action of different levels of time.At the level of cyclic-time,primary and secondary school teachers are in the process of social acceleration.The growth of their business volume is synchronized with the acceleration of technological development.At the level of institutional time,precise division,extreme compression and conflict intensification of time have formed mandatory constraints on teachers.At the level of interaction-time,negative competition hinders cooperative communication between teachers.At the level of self-time,teachers obey strict clock time,view time as a means to achieve utilitarian purpose,and pursue immediate returns,which makes them use time utilitarianly and mechanically.To bring teachers out of the dilemmas,it is necessary to pursue resonance with time,break the promotion method based on quantity and construction,return to people-centered position of institutional-time,transform linear and mechanized time management concepts,clarify teachers'personal time boundary,and reduce the encroachment of non-teaching affairs on teachers'personal time,share experience in teacher community,enrich the content of interaction-time,and break the closed and isolated state between teachers,and strengthen critical understanding,improve time management skills,rebuild teachers'self-time and deepen self-identity.