知识学习的素养发展功能及其实现机制--基于“以发展论知识”视域的理解

Function of Knowledge Learning in Competency Development and Its Realization Mechanism:Understanding Based on“On Knowledge Based on Development”Mechanism

学生素养发展的基本机制在于,学生能动参与的实践性活动的过程。知识学习的发展功能应从知识学习过程与知识学习结果两个方面进行观察:前者表现在知识学习作为一种符号性实践活动,其过程可直接促进学生认知素养发展;后者则体现在学生掌握的知识对实践活动中发展自身素养而产生的指导、启发、借鉴、示范、鼓舞等作用,借助这些作用,学生超越个体经验局限而达到人类活动水平,从而使学生实现高质量发展。学生掌握的知识影响学生素养发展的机制是,通过作用于学生亲身实践活动的过程而间接影响学生素养发展。学生掌握的知识本身不能直接成为学生的素养,以知促行或者说知行结合,才能促进学生素养高质量发展。由于认知素养与实体活动素养发展过程的差异性,导致知识学习在这两种素养发展中的功能存在重要差异:在认知素养的发展中,“知”与“行”的过程都可以在书本知识学习活动中完成,因此书本知识学习是落实认知素养发展的主要途径;在实体活动素养的发展中,“知”的过程可以通过书本知识学习完成,但“行”的过程需要在实体性的实践活动中展开,因此对于实体活动素养的发展而言,书本知识学习只是必要条件而非充分条件。

Current educational theories'understanding of function of knowledge lerning in student competency development has formed“on development based on knowledge”mechanism which is to understand and implement competency development mainly within the scope of knowledge learning.In fact,knowledge learning alone cannot complete the task of the comprehensive development of students'physical and mental competency.Understanding the developmental function of knowledge learning and its realization mechanism should transform to"on knowledge based on development"mechanism,that is,to grasp the development function of knowledge learning and its realization mechanism based on competency development.The basic mechanism of the development lies in students'active participation in practical activities.The development function of knowledge lerning is reflected in process and result.The former means that knowledge learning can directly promote the development as a symbolic practical activity.The latter means that students'’knowledge can guide,inspire,be referred to,demonstrate and encourage practical activities and students can transcend the limit of individual experience and achieve quality development.The mechanism of knowledge learning affecting the development is that it indirectly affects the development by influencing practical activities.Students'knowledge cannot become competency and combining knowledge and practice can promote the development.Due to the difference in the development process of cognitive activity and physical activity competency,there are important differences in the function of knowledge learning in the two processes.In cognitive activity competency development,“knowing”and“practicing”can be completed in book knowledge learning,so book knowledge learning is the main way to implement the development.In the development of physical activity competency,“knowing”can be completed through book kmowledge leaming,but“practicing”needs to be carried out in practical activities,so book knowledge learning is only a necessary link but not a sufficient condition.