“学习的快乐”:层级、价值及启示

Joy of Learning:Hierarchy,Value and Implication

快乐是学习者受到刺激后产生的一种积极情绪,能提高人的积极性和活动能力。“学习的快乐”价值明显,研究其类型和层级,可以帮助改进我们的教育教学。基于布卢姆的认知目标分类理论,“学习的快乐”可以划分为认知之乐和情感之乐两种层级。基于马斯洛需求层次理论,“学习的快乐”可以划分为满足生理需要的学习之乐、满足安全需要的学习之乐、满足归属与爱的需要的学习之乐、满足自尊需要的学习之乐、满足自我实现需要的学习之乐五种层级。“学习的快乐”对学习主体发展具有显著价值。“学习的快乐”可以提升学习的有效性,可以促进学生个体发展。“学习的快乐”研究给教育教学提供了宝贵启示:教师应当引导学生“志于学”;教育教学要促进学生自主学习与积极学习的发生;教育教学要关注教学的整体性与生命力;教育教学要切入生存这个学习的核心命题;教育教学要致力于学习终极价值的实现和人本意义的复归。

Joy is a kind of positive emotion produced by learmners after reeiving relev ant stimuli,which can improve enthusiasm and activity capability.Joy of learming is a positive enotion that has certain types and levels.Based on Bloom's cognitive goal casfication theory,joy of learning can be divided into the fllowing levels.The first is cognitive joy,including the joy of expanding information,knowing things,verifying ideas,thinking.solving problerm and improving capability.The second is the joy of afctono including the joy of being curious,developing interests,pursuing the truth.the god and the beautiful,making independent judgment and being independent.Based on Maslow's needs theory,joy of learning can be divided into the ollowing levels The first is the joy to meet phy siological needs.In leaning,learners mainly use sensory perception such as seeing,listening,smelling and touching to explore the characteristics of things and acquire knowledge.The second is the joy to meet the need of safety which requires good relationship between man and environment.The third is the joy to meet the needs of belonging and love which is a kind of emotional and spiritual need,and learming can satisfy this need by making people advocate goodness.The fourth is the joy to meet the needs of self-esteem which can improve self-identifiatin,form various capabilities,confirm the sense of self-worth,generate the quality of self-confidence and independence,and satisfy internal and extermal respect The fifth is the joy to meet the needs of self-realization which refers to the realization of personal ideal and aspiration and satisfy the need to play capability,which is the highest level of human needs.Joy of lamning is of great value to the development subject and an enhance the ffectiveness of learning.The timely discovery,attention,capture,exploration and development of joy of learning can stimulate and protect intelligence factors to a certain extent and promote the indi vidual development of students.Learming under joy is a kind of harmonious learning that respects and follows the law of students'physical and mental development.In this harmonious learning process,students an maintain an active learning state.Research on joy of learning provides valuable enlightenment to eduation and teaching:teachers should guide students to have willingness to learn,education and teaching should promote students'autonomous and active larning,pay attention to the intgrity and vitality of teaching and cut into the core proposition of survival,and teaching should be committed to the realization of the ultimate value of learmning and the return of humanism.